| To achieve high productivity of spring maize in cold semi-arid area, the purpose of thisexperiment was to study the effects of different planting patterns on yield of spring maize andstalk sugar productivity and their change rule, and explored the correlation between theproductivity and yield of sugar stalk at the same time, and two general revolving combinationdesign and under film drip irrigation method was applied to study the different fertilizer anddensity the combined effect on maize yield, based on establishing the mathematics model of thetype of maize production regions, for high yield and high efficiency optimization scheme, inorder to provide reference for high yield and high efficient cultivation techniques of maize,maize high yield potential, improve the implementation of play straw utilization rate and is ofgreat significance to ease the energy shortage. The main results were as follows:Experiment conditions under different planting patterns, plastic film mulching (C1) and bigridge (C2) could effectively regulate plant growth and improve the micro ecological environmentof maize growth, large double ridge mulching (C1) with high density was more conducive to theimprovement of the canopy vertical structure, extension of leaves the functional period andincrease the leaf area index of maize, increased the maize canopy photosynthetic rate andchlorophyll content, increased the photosynthetic products and dry matter accumulation and stemjuice rate, improved the maize ear length, grain number per spike and1000grain weight, andultimately improved the yield and the productivity of sugar stalk due to the increasingtemperature moisture and other factors. Stem juice and Brix ratio gradually decreased with theincrease of density, while the fresh stem weight increased with increasing planting density; thefactors affecting the productivity of sugar corn stalk is mainly depended on stem fresh weightyield and plant density; the negative indirect effect of stem brix and stem juice rate obscured thedirect effect of them; partial correlation analysis showed that yield and productivity weresignificant level,1000grain weight and sugar content in stem of productivity was not significantnegative correlation, indicating appropriate cropping patterns can be achieved productivity andgrain stalks of sugar production reached double high. Under different planting patterns, the yieldincreasing effect of C1was more than C3by2704.14kg/hm2, yield increased3276.62yuan/hm2,stem production capacity increased by85.48kg/hm2; C2ratio of C3increased by1417.31 kg/hm2, yield increased2267.70yuan/hm2, stem production capacity increased by34.25kg/hm2.Combined with the kernel yield and stem high two factors, using large double ridge mulchingplastic film, and90000strains/hm2planting density was high and stable yield, optimalallocation.The experimental conditions under combination of fertilizer and density, with the dynamicchange of the growth process, the mulched-drip irrigation corn leaf area index (LAI),photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll content (SPAD value) firstly increased and then decreased,the modest level of fertilizer and the planting density could better coordinate the conflictbetween the individual and the group, senescence and maintain higher green leaf area of eachlayer in the late growth stage, keep high SPAD value, prolong the duration of grain filling periodand high value of photosynthetic rate, maintain high leaf source performance. The regressionmodel showed that there is a positive correlation between SPAD value of leaf and nitrogen (X1),phosphate (P), potash (K), and planting density (X4) was negatively correlated; there is apositive correlation between photosynthetic rate and nitrogen application rate. The influenceorder of four factors for leaf SPAD value was: planting density (X4)> N (X1)> P (X2)> K (X3),the influence sequence of the photosynthesis rate was: N(X1)> planting density (X4)> P(X2)>K(X3). In a certain range suitable for increasing the amount of fertilizer could significantlyincrease the dry matter accumulation of maize, excessive fertilization or small would reduce theamount of dry matter accumulation. The time period of the maximum rate of dry matteraccumulation, crop strongly growed and developmented, dry matter accumulation speedgradually slowed either high density and lack of fertilizer or fertilizer deficiency treatment, drymatter accumulation rate reduced.With the increase of fertilizer application,, the dry matteraccumulation rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in reasonable proportion of processingwas still higher than the low fertilization and high fertilization treatments on the dry matteraccumulation rate after the maximum rate. Rational fertilization could delay senescence in thelater stage of growth, and increased the photosynthetic product accumulation. Shortage of supplyand the density or fertilizer amount over the metropolitan limited the growth of maize.The results showed that each single factor of four testing factors had obvious influence ongrain yield, as demonstrated by a trend of opening downward parabola, and in an order ofnitrogen (N)> density> potash(K)> phosphate (P), while the marginal yield reduction caused by unit volume level applied was in a order of phosphate (P)>density> potash(K)> nitrogen(N); Cooperation between nitrogen and phosphate had mutual promoting effect on the increaseof grain yield; under the different combination of density and fertilization, yield of maize undermulched-drip irrigation comparing with conventional planting patterns increased by6425.65kg/hm2, the yield increased by64.41%, benefit increased by4189.86yuan/hm2; To achieve ayield of12231.97kg/hm2, the best combination of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer, potashfertilizer, and planting density were as follows: nitrogen246.24～279.59kg/hm2, phosphate133.77～151.52kg/hm2, potash82.85～97.16kg/hm2, and the planting density of79676～85324plants/hm2. |
