The Study Of The Agricultural Activities And Composition Analysis Of Chonemorpha Splendens And Pteris Vittata

As awareness of environmental protection to strengthen and chemical pesticides abuse have become increasingly prominent, Highly toxic residues, more polluting use of chemical pesticides is gradually restricted, on pest efficient, and easy to break the safety of non-target organisms, and environment-friendly bio-pesticides will gradually recognized by the public. Looking for the compounds of the agricultural activity from nature, or looking for the active lead compounds from natural products, synthetic and structural modification is the main way of the new pesticide discovery. Based on this purpose, this experiment studies on the herbicidal、insecticidal and antibacterial activity of Chonemorpha splendens and Pteris vittata, and separate the chemical composition, The results are as follows:l.The active ingredient extract isolation and identification.Using methanol percolation method to extract the active substances of Chonemorpha splendens and Pteris vittata, followed by with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol. Than chloroform extract by thin-layer chromatography, silica gel column chromatography, gel column chromatography separation and purification, three compound were getted. By1HNRM,13C NRM and MS identification, the compoundⅢ was Stigmasterol, the compound was isolated from the Chonemorpha splendens.2. Study on herbicidal activity. Mimosa pudica、Crotalaria pallida、Bidens pilosa、 Cucumis sativus etc for the receptor plants, test the herbicidal activity on extractions,further separation of the composition of Chonemorpha splendens and test the physiological and biochemical indexes of Cucumber by use the conjunction method of bioassay and chemical separation.The results show that:,(1) The chloroform extract had strong herbicidal activity, it can significantly inhibit the receptor plant seed germination and seedling growth, especially on the effects of Mimosa pudica, the seed germination, seedling root, stem and the fresh weight growth of Mimosa pudica were significantly inhibited, the inhibitory rates were:100%,95.67%,97.52%and91.71%; after test the the bioactivity of6components of the chloroform extract carotene by column chromatography, we found that:the strongest inhibition is E, it is the strongest inhibitory effect on the seed germination, seedling root, stem and the fresh weight growth of Mimosapudica, the inhibitory rates were:96.67%,92.44%,86.02%and90.12%;(3) The relatively high concentrations of the chloroform extract of Chonemorpha splendens can inhibit SOD and root activity in Cucumber seedling significantly and reduce the content of chlorophyll and soluble protein, increase the MDA content in root, reduced the fresh weight of plant finally.3. The determination of antibacterial constituents. Using the growth rate method, Colletotrichum musae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Pestalotia palmarum-. Rhizoctonia solani Kiihn, Corynespora cassiicola these six plant pathogens as a target bacteria were tested the extraction material of Chonemorpha splendens and Pteris vittata and further separationthe composition. The results show that, all of them have different inhibitory effect on the growth of pathogen hyphal, the result show:(1) The the chloroform extract of Chonemorpha splendensl has better inhibitory effect, especially the inhibitory effect on Colletotrichum musa and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the inhibitory rates were:82.48%,71.57%.6components of the chloroform extract by column chromatography have different inhibitory effect on the growth of pathogen hyphal. The best restrained effect are is A, C, D components, the inhibitory rates is greater than70%; E showed significant antibacterial activity to the other four target bacteria, antibacterial rate is greater than60%,;(2) The the chloroform extract of Pteris vittata has better inhibitory effect on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the inhibitory rates were:82.22%.In addition to the D component of Banana Fusarium wilt can promote the growth of chloroform column chromatography, the other11components on inhibitory effect of target bacteria have a certain. The strongest inhibition of mango stem end rot fungus is the F component, the inhibitory rate was52.54%.4. Study on insecticidal activity. Use the Uroleucon formosanum and Prodenia litura for the test target standard pest, test the insecticidal activity on extraction material of Chonemorpha splendens and Pteris vittata and further separationthe composition of the insecticidal. The results showed that:(1) The extracts of the mortality of insecticidal activity Chonemorpha splendens on Uroleucon formosanum increased with the increasing of extracts concentration and the extending of treating time. Chloroform extracts of Chonemorpha splendens displayed excellent activity against Uroleucon formosanum. The mortality reached86.92%against Uroleucon formosanum Takahashi after72h, LC50was0.7223mg/mL; the non selective antifeedant rate reached69.84%and the selective antifeedan rate is78.13%against Prodenia litura after24h, the selective antifeedant activity is better than non selective antifeedant activity in the extracts from Chonemorpha splendens against Prodenia litura.(2) The extracts of the mortality of insecticidal activity Pteris vittata and on Uroleucon formosanum Takahashi increased with the increasing of extracts concentration and the extending of treating time. Chloroform extracts of Chonemorpha splendens displayed excellent activity against Uroleucon formosanum Takahashi. The mortality reached86.92%against Uroleucon formosanum Takahashi after72h, LC50was1.7242mg/mL; the non selective antifeedant rate reached65.76%and the selective antifeedan rate is45.64%against Prodenia litura after24h, the non selective antifeedant activity is better than selective antifeedant activity in the extracts from Chonemorpha splendens against Prodenia litura, the extracts from Chonemorpha splendens non selective antifeedant activity are well than selective antifeedant activity.