Effect Of Tillage Patterns On The Structure Of The Weed Communities And Soil’s Physical Characters In Farmland Fields In The Cold And Arid Area In North China

Bashang area is located in North China ecotone, typical of the plateau, semiarid regions. For a long time due to excessive reclamation of serious damage to vegetation, leading to serious soil erosion. The main factors restricting the development of local farming as drought and severe degradation of soil erosion, using conservation tillage methods to mitigate these conflicts will play an important role. In order to clarify the different tillage methods on weed community structure and physical properties of the soil characteristics influence, in2012-2013in Zhangbei, Hebei Agricultural University Experiment Station, Cold and Arid Regions North relying locate10-year-tillage, subsoiling, plowing field trial basis, through the auxiliary setting10-year-tillage, conventional tillage after subsoiling, monitoring the total weed under chestnut soil and sandy loam soil two kinds of meadow chestnut soil types, different tillage methods Catcher Yan Catcher Yan soil moisture under different tillage, hardness and density changes, and the effect of oat yield; density, dominant weed species, weed diversity and biomass combined to no-till corn field perennial weed invasion and spread characteristics study, a clear relationship between regional weed community structure and soil environment, the physical characteristics of the soil and crop yield response farming measures. The main findings are as follows:1. The main weeds on monitoring plots show that in2012sandy chestnut soil Yan weed emergence nine kinds, including four kinds of annual weeds and perennial weeds five kinds; loamy meadow chestnut soil Yan Catcher10species, including three kinds of annual weeds and perennial seven kinds.2013species increased significantly, sandy chestnut soil weed Yan20species, including13annual weeds and perennial weeds seven kinds;20kinds of loamy meadow chestnut soil, including11kinds of annual and perennial weeds9species. Weed community structure in the region to foxtail (Setaira viridis) based.2. Cold and Arid Regions North swallow long-term no-till wheat fields, the sandy soil at different growth stages chestnut free plow plowed grass density of1.56-4.03times, while the long-term no-till farming and pine after plowing treatment field grass density and tillage was not significant; loamy meadow chestnut soil tillage yan plowed wheat fields of grass1.33-5.14times. Community structure to tillage foxtail grass field dominated region, with the long-term no-till fields of tank classes perennial grass trend, while plowing the field with a lower annual grass density, elimination shallow bit of perennial grasses, perennial grasses inspire deep bit of character. Tillage and soil type and determine the combined effect of community characteristics farmland grass.3.2012Chestnut sandy soil under no-till and loamy meadow chestnut soil Yan Tian Grass Catcher Shannon diversity index (H’) was respectively0.429and0.531,2013weed density, variety, so that H’ substantial increase of1.070and1.001respectively. Farmland natural evolution of plant communities strong performance characteristics.2012Chestnut sandy soil tillage tillage treatment Catcher Yan weed biomass was1.34,2.14times plowing and subsoiling, and oat biomass production compared with plowing and subsoiling cut46.16%and18.72%; loamy Catcher yan meadow chestnut soil tillage weed biomass handling plowing and subsoiling is2.26and2.01times, compared with oat biomass production cut loose and deep plowing and27.85percent22.29percent.2013Chestnut sandy soil tillage Catcher Yan, tillage weed biomass handling is2.49,1.89times plowing and subsoiling, and oat biomass production compared with plowing and subsoiling cut23.15%and14.18%; marina quality meadow chestnut soil tillage treatment swallow Catcher tillage and weed biomass was2.09and subsoiling1.54times, making oat biomass production compared with plowing and subsoiling cut14.24%and18.24%. Grass field of diversity and crop yield inconsistent evolution.4. Loamy meadow chestnut soil from the roots of three years to no-till corn field at lm A region, weed density164.67/m2, respectively, from the roots of3m at the B area, C area at5m,7m at D2.00times the area of5.81times,11.76times, the difference was significant. Weed community structure to rely on grass-based, A regional secalimus density123.00/m2, respectively,1.92times B, C, D, and6.71times,92.48times, the differences were significant. Perennial grass rhizome spread depends obviously to test the performance of the grass roots of extraterrestrial Lai for the invasion process within the core of the cornfield.A no-till corn field processing area weed Shannon diversity index (H’), Simpson diversity index (D), Pielou evenness index (J) and Margalef richness index (DMG) were0.807,0.387,0.459and0.991, significantly lower than the C and D areas. The use of biomass (including crop) calculated farmland biodiversity, H A cornfield tillage treatment areas’, D, J, and DMG were0.989,0.577,0.751,0.534, were significantly higher than B, C, D. Corn free farming secalimus gradually spread inwards from the roots of land. Long-term tillage operations farmland, so the natural evolution of plant communities strong performance characteristics.5. Handled in different tillage and seedling oats sowing date, soil water storage topsoil significant difference. Tian sandy chestnut soil, sowing tillage moisture content of6.71%,6.27%higher than plowing moisture0.44percentage points. Differences in soil moisture content for each tillage seedling largest pine farming highest,10.10%,7.50%higher than plowing moisture2.60percentage points. Loamy meadow chestnut Tsuchida, pine seedling cultivation highest,18.13%,16.79%higher than plowing moisture1.34percentage points.Oat heading highest intensity of farmland water, sandy water chestnut Tsuchida heading intensity reached5.65mm/d,5.71mm/d,5.28mm/d, is the jointing stage of2.31times1.85times,1.59times. To maturity, water consumption intensity dropped1.01mm/d,1.09mm/d,1.09mm/d. Loamy meadow chestnut soil tillage for11consecutive years, subsoiling and plowing heading consumption intensity reached5.42mm/d,5.42mm/d,5.39mm/d, is1.68times the jointing stage, and1.26times,1.88times. To maturity, fell to0.26mm/d,0.18mm/d,0.27mm/d.6.10years sandy chestnut soil tillage field0-20cm soil layer4is higher than the soil surface with the middle and bottom characteristics. Tillering obvious, middle soil hardness of19.58kg/cm2, about three times the surface, which is about1.5times the bottom. Each soil tillage soil hardness higher than plowing. Tillage treatment with the passage of oat growth period5-15cm soil hardness showed a decreasing trend of instability. Sowing early10-15cm soil hardness36.50kg/cm2, about1.5times the maturity. Process loamy meadow chestnut soil tillage Yan cornfield10years with the growing season soil hardness rendering time, the hardness gradually increased, but the hardness of the layers of soil tillage treatment season after only1/6to1/4. The same growth period of11years0-20cm soil tillage treatment were significantly higher than the average hardness of the other four tillage practices, sandy chestnut soil tillage wheat field swallow deep loose soil hardness1.46～2.58times for plowing3.39～5.98times; loamy meadow chestnut soil as deep tillage yan Song Catcher1.43to2.47times,1.64to3.88times for the plowing. Located between tillage and subsoiling tillage, no-tillage, soil hardness subsoiling2nd plowing and tilling similar treatment. Catcher Yan sandy chestnut soil tillage layers of soil hardness increase, while meadow chestnut soil loamy middle (5-15cm) is greater than the surface layer (0-5cm) and lower (15-20cm). Hardness and soil moisture related.7. Catcher Yan sandy chestnut soil tillage sowing years, subsoiling, plowing0-20cm soil bulk density average of1.55g/cm3,1.51g/cm3,1.50g/cm3, respectively, higher than the maturity0.12g/cm3,0.13g/cm3,0.07g/cm3; loamy meadow chestnut soil yan years sowing wheat field tillage, subsoiling, tilling the soil bulk density of1.42g/cm3,1.44g/cm3,1.28g/cm3, respectively, compared with mature high0.27g/cm3,0.29g/cm3,0.22g/cm3.2012winter snowfall cause soil compaction, soil drought and less rainfall sowing, to enable the processing capacity of the replay of a maximum value, this period tillage still greater than plowing, tillage methods on soil bulk density greater presence.