The Key Techniques Of Rice Organic Farming In The North Of Guangdong

The differences in variety feature and economic conditions of different rice cultivarsunder organic cultivation, the application effect of different organic fertilizer in the paddyfield, and the control efficiency of multiple ecological control measures against rice insectpests and diseases had been analyzed in this study. It aimed to build the organic rice systemfor the cultivars selecting, the application of organic fertilizer and the ecological controltechnology against pests and diseases in the mountains area of northern Guangdong, and toprovide theoretical basis for organic rice planting technology regulations. The results were asfollows:1. The maximum tiller number of Meixiangzhan was32.6strains with44.25%tillerearing rate, thousand kernel weight was19.68g,160.8seeds accounting for83.98%and theyield was371.09kg/667㎡. The above index all have been reached excellent standard withobvious market competitiveness. The rice has been verified with better shape and typicalscent of the common rice. Its high production, the economic benefit which has been81.62%higher than the ordinary planted rice, the synthetical mark of eating quality reaching grade91prove that it can be chosen as the preferred organic rice of northern Guangdong. As for theBlack Rice cultivar, the thousand kernel weight was20.92g and the seed rate was86.87%with the production of341.08kg/667㎡. However, the vulnerability of the insect pest waslow and its economic effectiveness had been proved67.69%higher than the ordinarilyplanted rice, but the eating quality tested worse than Mei Xiangzhan.; Therefore, it wasrecommended as the special nutrition rice based on the recognized unique nutrition. Thethousand grain weight, the setting seeds number, the fulfilled-grain percentage, and the yieldof Xiangyazhan was20.92g,137.0,67.24%,315.92kg/667㎡individually, the comprehensivegrowth index was better with special rice fragrance. It was not promoted largely because of itsworse production index and ability against insect pest and diseases.The thousand grain weightand the yield of Koshihikari was respectively27.82g and440.22kg/667㎡， the indicatorswas good performance, the economic efficiency increased80.69%compared withconventional rice cultivation, but because of the rice shape was non-slim, which did notmeet the market demand of Guangdong,so it was not suggested as the production of organicrice.2.After applied four kinds of organic fertilizer (Lvxianji organic fertilizer, Lotus brandorganic fertilizer, Farm compost heap1, Farm compost heap2), the setting rate was exceeded 75.0%, there was no significant difference in the effective tiller number between organicfertilizer and chemical fertilizer. The damage of stem borers was significantly lower than therice under conventional cultivation. From the respect of economic benefit,300kg of peasantcomposting heap1and peasant composting heap2whose economic efficiency had reached4029.80RMB/667㎡and4095.50RMB/667㎡. when the Lotus brand organic fertilizer wasapplied at the rate of250kg, the yield was higher of432.1kg/667m2, and the profit of3834.00RMB/667m2was higher than other commercial organic fertilizer. Comprehensivedata indicated that the economic benefits and fertilizer efficiency of the farm compost heapwas excellent than commercial organic fertilizers, it was recommended to promote farmcompost heap applied at the rate of300kg in the north of Guangdong. When the farmcompost heap was in short supply, the Lotus brand organic fertilizer would be applied at therate of250kg.3.Choose organic farming measures,such as using disease–resistant rice cultivars,puttingsolar insecticidal lamp in paddy field, assisted spraying biological pesticides for instantAzadirachtin, Kasugamycin,breeding ducks in paddy field etc, which were confirmed couldeffectively control the rice disease, insect pests and weeds damage to organic rice producing.In the condition of organic cultivation, it showed that the sheath blight strain rate of Xiangyazhan and Wuxingsimiao under organic cultivation conditions was respectively24.50%,37.50%, apparently lower compared to Shuangsixiangzhan varieties which the sheath blightstrain rate was62%and the general rice under the conventional rice cultivation which thesheath blight strain rate was65.50%. In duck rice area, the rice borer cluster damage rate wasonly2.74%, this result was obviously lower compared with the contrast area. The effect ofduck farming techniques for duckweed control could have been reached100%, after breedingducks in paddy field40days, the control efficiency of Eleusine indica and Echinochloacrusgalli was over70%, and another weed control efficiency was65.40%.Light trapping hadsignificant control effect on Cnaohalocrous medindis Guenee, while the biological pesticideshad no significant control effect on Cnaohaolcorcis medindis. However, for the control ofChilo suppressasils (Walker), the biological pesticides had the obvious effect, while thecontrol effect of light trapping was not obvious.