Research On The Development And Exploitation Of Hanzhongjicama And Its Chemical Component Analysis

Jicama is the annual or perennial twining herbaceous vines, which belongs to leguminosae. The materials of local Jicama are derived from Hanzhong city Shaanxi Province and the Jicama tuber were well studied in this paper. In order to determine the resource value of Jicama as a kind of consumptions or materials, we measured the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, reducing sugar and mineral elements by the methods of Chemical analysis, UV, HPLC and FAAS in Jicama. In addition, we optimized the Jicama juice and starch extraction processing by the methods of single-factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. The main results are as follows:After the study of nutrition components in Jicama tuber, we have the data as follows: the moisture content in fresh Jicama tuber is 90.61 %, the crude protein, reducing suger, starch, crude fiber and crude fat contents of dry material Jicama tuber are 0.874 %, 3.133 %, 2.775 %, 0.56 % and 0.092 %, respectively. The average mineral elements contents in Jicama are Ca 210 μg/g, K 11174.36 μg/g, Na 55.63 μg/g, Mg 140.22 μg/g, Fe 60.34 μg/g, Zn 2.31 μg/g, Cu 0.76 μg/g and Mn 1.14 μg/g, respectively. Then descending order of mineral content is K> Ca> Mg> Na> Fe> Zn> Mn> Cu. In conclusion: the elements contents of K, Ca, Mg and Na are higher than other elements, while the elements contents of Ni and Cr are undetectable.After well studied on Jicama juice processing technology, we optimized the processing procedural: raw materials preparation â†' squeezing juice â†' starch separation(1500 r/min, 5 min) â†' boiling(start boiling time) â†' freezing(0~3℃, 24~36 h) â†' filtering(200 mesh filter cloth) â†' the second centrifugal(4000 r/min, 20 min) â†' sterilization(microwave, 15 s) â†' bottling. According to this Jicama juice processing technology, the results showed that it can produce 385 grams juice by every 500 grams Jicama, the juice yield is 77 %, the Jicama juice product is clarification bright and sweet flavor.The research on Jicama saccharification liquid processing technology, we optimized the processing procedural: the mass fracion of α-amylase is 11 ‰, Jicama puree pH should be adjusted to 6.0, thermostat liquefaction time is 2 h, the liquefaction temperature is 65℃. The optimized Jicama puree saccharification processing conditions are as follows: the mass fracion of glucoamylase is 0.9 ‰, Jicama liquefied liquid pH should be adjusted to 4.0, thermostat saccharification time is 4 h, saccharification temperature is 55℃. Jicama saccharification decolorizing conditions is: activated carbon is used for bleaching agent, the mass fracion of activated carbon is 1 %.The research on Jicama starch processing technology showed that: the extraction method for Jicama starch should be squeezing juice method; The separation condition of Jicama starch and Jicama liquid is centrifuge at 1500 r/min for 5 min; Purification condition of Jicama starch is washed twice by running water; Drying temperature of Jicama starch is 40~45 ℃for 45~50 min, and obtain the starch powder, then filtered by 100 mesh sieve, fineness 98.2 %, Jicama starch product was obtained.The study on basic characteristics of Jicama showed that: the moisture content 13.28 %, total starch content 75.76 %, amylose content 21.92 %; The shape of most starch granules are close to circle, particle size 3~22 μm, the average particle size 12 μm; Gelatinization temperature 65~75℃, peak viscosity 4241 mPa?s and it was greater than the other starch,final viscosity 2440 mPa?s, less than wheat, corn and sweet potato starch, greater than potato starch; The transparency of stabilized gelatinized starch is 85.6 %, similar to wheat, potato and sweet potato starch; Gelatinized starch had poor stability, easy retrogradation and freeze-thaw stability was poor; solubility is significantly higher than other starch and swelling power is higher than that of wheat and corn starch, but lower than that of potato and sweet potato starch.In conclusion, the research on Jicama, Jicama juice processing technology, Jicama saccharification liquid processing technology and industrial implementation could improve the application development of Hanzhong Jicama in different filed, such as breeding, planting and processing industry; It also could extend the Jicama industrial chain, improve the products value and increase farmers revenue. In addition, Jicama juice, saccharification liquid beverage and starch processing implementation also could adjust the Jicama products structure, and improve the economic efficiency of enterprises.