Study On The Regalation Effect Of Water And Nitrogen Of High Yield Winter Wheat

To explore the regulation effect of water and nitrogen on the nutrient utlization and grain-filling of winter wheat, this study was conducted from 2012 to 2014 in Gaocheng Liu Guzhuang experimental station of Hebei Agricultural University. One cultivars shimai 18(SM18) was used as the experimental material. Fine soil preparation and improve the work of the moisture in the soil and soil moisture before sowing. Sowed in early October.The multifactor of water and nitrogen uses multifactor split block design, irrigation frequency as the mainly zone, four levels, i.e. W0(no irrigation), W1( spring 1 water, jointing stage water), W2(spring 2 water, jointing stage water and flowering stage water), W3(spring 3 water, jointing stage and flowering stage and filling stage water). Nitrogen application is the deputy district, four levels, i.e. N0(contrast), N1(150 kg·hm-2), N2(225 kg·hm-2), N3(300 kg·hm-2). Leaf age fertilizer model adopts single factor randomized block design, five leaf age period of fertilizer, i.e. LA1(spring second leaf period), LA2(spring third leaf period), LA3(spring fourth leaf period), LA4(spring fifth leaf period), LA5(spring sixth leaf period). Main results were as follows:Low nitrogen treatment(N0 and N1) groups are relatively small, leaf area index is relatively small, and Spiking rate is relatively low; Nitrogen treatment(N2) ensures high earing rate in a relatively large, leaf area index at a higher level at the same time; And high nitrogen treatment(N3), although there is a higher group, but invalid more tillers, too much in decline before and after jointing stage, earing rate is low, the development of leaf area index was suppressed.Fertilizering in the Spring fifth leaf stage makes the total number of stems from a higher level in each stage, while maintains high earing rate and total tillers, earing rate and increases the leaf area index.Irrigating two times, i.e. Irrigating in the jointing stage and flowering stage can make sure a higher populationg culm number, improve the spiking rate of tillers, and the whole growth period LAI can maintain a higher level.The leaf senescence of treatment N0、N1 accelerated, and the SPAD values of the treatment N0、N1 decreased obviously because of the nutrient deficiency; the N2 treatment can maintain high SPAD values, the N3 treatment SPAD values is relatively low.Fertilizering in different leaf Stages has little effect on SPAD value. Fertilizering in spring fifth leaf stage can effectively delay the birth of SPAD decline in the late phase.W2 treatment can improve the leaf SPAD values, and the SPAD value can maintain at a higher level in the late stage.N2 treatment can significantly extend the grain-filling active period and the ultimate growth of grains, reduce the number of days when reaching the maximum grouting rate.Fertilizering in spring fifth leaf stage can significantly extend the grain filling active period and the endosperm cell proliferation active period of winter wheat, reduce the number of days when reaching the maximum grain-filling rate and the number of days when endosperm cell reaching the maximum proliferation rate, and increase the number of grain ultimate growth.The number of days when reaching the maximum filling rate and the maximum grouting rate decreases with the increase of the irrigation frequency. The grain-filling active period along with the increase of irrigation frequency extension. Grouting rate at the time of the largest increment and the ultimate growth performance for water treatment is higher than control, in which the highest treatment is W2, W3 treatment takes second place.N2 treatment can significantly improve the winter wheat ear grain number and grain and yield.Under the condition of fertilizerring period moving back, the grain number per spike and 1000 grain weight of winter wheat increased significantly, and the degree of increase is different because of fertilizerring in different period. Fertilizerring in spring fifth leaf stage can receive high grain number per spike and 1000 grain weight, thus this treatment can make the yield increased significantly.Irrigation frequency test results show that with increasing irrigation frequency,the grain number per spike、1000 grain weight and the yield of winter wheat increase accordingly.N application processing results show that the n uptake efficiency and n use efficiency of N2 treatment were at a higher level.Irrigation frequency test results show that the W2 treatment has the highest water use efficiency; the use efficiency of irrigation water presents downtrend as waternumber increase.Comprehensive this study of analysis of yield and water-fertilizer resources utilization in different fertilizer N application rate, fertilizerring leaf stage and irrigation frequency, on the basis of the guarantee of soil moisture, winter wheat applied pure nitrogen 225 kg·hm-2, fertilizered in spring fifth leaf stage and irrigated in the jointing stage and flowering stage in spring,can satisfy the demand of water and nitrogen of high yield of winter wheat and obtain the ideal grain yield in the whole stages.