The Health Diagnosis Of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem And Its Economic Restoration

Maqu alpine meadow, named "water tower", can not only solve the local herdsman’s livehoods, but also has many ecological functions such as water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, carbon fixation and oxygen release etc. However, because of the irrational exploitation and utilization, maqu alpine meadow ecosystem is experiencing varying degrees degradation. In this context, there is important scientific significance whether the situation and dynamic change of Maqu alpine meadow ecosystem can be clear understood.This paper redefined the concept of ecosystem diagnosis and economic restoration pathway at the first place. Second, based on the satellite remote sensing data, field measured data and refer to the previous studies, the dynamic changes of Maqu alpine meadow ecosystem was researched by means of evaluating ecological service function and analyzing of spatial-temporal change. Third, according to the data from statistical yearbook,11 driving factors of these changes were analyzed and ranked by use of the theory of grey relational degree. The results showed as follows:First, the value of Maqu alpine meadow ecosystem had been experiencing decline in waves during 2004 to 2012, the rate of decline is about 6×107yuan/a. This indicate that Maqu alpine meadow ecosystem is constantly degraded under the continual interference from outside, although this ecosystem has some self-healing capabilities.Second, the result of spatial-temporal analysis shows that Maqu alpine meadow ecosystem is at the situation of overall deterioration, partial improvement. Degraded areas were mainly concentrated in the area of first class pasture, improved areas were mainly concentrated in the area of second grade pasture.Third, the result of grey relational analysis shows that the rank of driving forces is:average annual rainfall>average annual herds>number of population>living space per capita> average annual temperature>annual heavy industrial output>disasters>industrial output>annual investment township road>annual investment of environmental governance>annual investment of herdsmen settlement. In other words, the degradation of Maqu alpine meadow ecosystem was caused by human factors on the base of natural factors (rainfall). Human factors strengthen the role of natural factors on the alpine meadow ecosystem services.On the base of above study, the effectiveness evaluation model of economic restoration has been made in this paper in order to evaluate and simulate the effectiveness of three different economic restoration tools such as ecological compensation, institution restoration and transformation of resource user’s livehood. The results show that:First, the traditional technology-based restoration cannot solve the constant degradation of Maqu alpine meadow ecosystem.Second, some economic restoration tools (such as ecological compensation) which has implemented in nowadays cannot play a role because of flaws of system designation.Third, the result of model simulation show that transformation of resource user’s livehood is the optimal solution during the three different economic restoration tools.