| Comparison of the effect of different water management methods and screening appropriate methods of soil water preservation in orchard was very important in apple production for Shaanxi Weibei area. In this study, a 3 years apple orchard was used as experimental material, the soil physical and chemical properties and the growth of apple trees between usages of super absorbent polymer and two kinds of water saving mulch methods including film mulch with drip irrigation, film mulch with furrow irrigation were compared. The main results are as follows:1. Film mulch with drip irrigation, film mulch with furrow irrigation and super absorbent polymer application could improve the soil water content(SWC) in Shaanxi Weibei arid region, especially in 40 to 60 cm soil layer. SWC of film mulch with drip irrigation and film mulch with furrow irrigation were higher than that of super absorbent polymer application in 20 to 60 cm soil layer. When using 200 g super absorbent polymer per tree in 4 ditches, the soil water content was higher than that of 8 ditches and whole ground application. The SWC of 200 g super absorbent polymer per tree was better than that of 100 g.2. The soil temperature of film mulch and super absorbent polymer application were more stable throughout the year. Compared with super absorbent polymer, the soil temperature of film mulch was higher in 5 cm and 25 cm soil layer all around the year. In July and August, when the air temperature was the highest around the year, the soil temperature had no significant difference between film mulch and control. In November, when the temperature began to decline, the soil temperature of film mulch was higher than that of control. The soil temperature of super absorbent polymer application was higher than control in April when temperature began to rise and in November when temperature began to decline.3. Film mulch and super absorbent polymer application could decrease volume weight of soil. Effect of using super absorbent polymer in 4 ditches was better than treatments in 8 ditches and whole ground application, which had no difference with film mulch. Both film mulch and super absorbent polymer could reduce nutrient dissipation. Using 200 g super absorbent polymer per tree in 4 ditches showed the best effects on reducing nutrient dissipation.4. Film mulch and super absorbent polymer application could increase the number of bacteria. However, both film mulch and super absorbent polymer in 4 ditches decreased the number of actinomycetes. In addition, film mulch decreased the number of fungi.5. Both film mulch and super absorbent polymer application played a positive role in growth of tree and photosynthesis. Using 200 g super absorbent polymer per tree in 4 ditches was the best way for formation of chlorophyll and N accumulations of leaf among all the treatments. Film mulch with drip irrigation was the best way for K accumulations.6. Using 200 g super absorbent polymer per tree in 4 ditches was the most favorable to accumulate soluble sugar. Both film mulch and super absorbent polymer application could significantly improve soluble amylum of phloem except the method of using 200 g super absorbent polymer per tree with whole ground application.In conclusion, film mulch and super absorbent polymer application could significantly improve SWC, soil quality and growth of trees. Using 200 g super absorbent polymer per tree in 4 ditches was the better way to preserve water. It was a suitable way in Weibei arid young apple orchard. |
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