| Foxtail millet is an important food crop in semi-arid areas, but its tremendous yield potential is still needed to develop because of limited precipitation, and fertilizer efficiency is also limited as a result. A field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of fertilizer on soil moisture, growth and yield of foxtail millet under ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting planting model in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia in 2013-2014. A two-factor randomized block designed pot with two planting models(Rainfall harvesting planting model, R; Traditional flat planting model, T) and four fertilizer levels(N 270 kg hm-2, P2O5 180 kg hm-2, H; N 180 kg hm-2, P2O5 120 kg hm-2, M; N 90 kg hm-2, P2O5 60 kg hm-2, L; with no fertilizer CK as control) was used in the experiment.1 The effect of ridge and furrow planting model and fertilizer on soil water in 0-200 cm(1) The soil water storage in 0-200 cm of R was higher than that in T, which was 3.2%, 4.3%, 3.6% and 3.8% higher under high, middle, low fertilizer level and no fertilizer, respectively. With increasing the fertilizer level, the soil water storage in 0-200 cm was decreased, which was 8.5%(H), 5.2%(M), and 3.8%(L) lower than no fertilizer under R model, respectively.(2) The soil water fluctuated remarkably in 40-200 cm layer in 2013(flood years) and 0-140 cm in 2014(drought years). The soil water storage of R was increased in 0-40 cm layer by 6.5%-9.0% in 2013, and 2.5%-7.4% in 2014, and fertilizer increased crops on soil moisture absorption use. Th consumption of R was decreased compared with T from sowing stage to heading stage in 2013(flood years), but increased in 2014(drought years), and were both decreased from heading stage to maturity stage in two years.2 The effect of ridge and furrow planting model and fertilizer on growth of foxtail millet(1) Along with the growth process, the effect of R on plant height tended to decrease after increase, and was biggest in heading stage. The plant height was increased in R compared with T, which was 19.3%, 13.4%, 12.0% and 8.3% higher than T under high, middle low and no fertilizer level, respectively. The plant height of H, M and L were 15.9%, 9.7%, and 8.2% higher than no fertilizer under R model, respectively. Besides, the plant height growth rate was increased in R compared with T, which was 21.1%, 13.4%, 8.2% and 11.6% higher under high, middle fertilizer level and no fertilizer respectively at jointing and early heading stage, but was lower in later heading and filling stage. With increasing the fertilizer level, the plant height growth trended to increase in jointing and early heading stage, and trended to decrease in later jointing and filling stage.(2) The three flag leaf area of R was increased compared with at filling stage, which was 8.9%, 9.5%, 4.7% and 1.7% higher on side row under high, middle, low and no fertilizer level, respectively in 2013; and 22.7%(P<0.05), 22.7%(P<0.05), 7.7% and 3.5%, respectively in 2014. R increased the effect of fertilizer on the three flag leaf areas, which was 26.6%(P<0.05)(H), 21.1%(M), and 14.7%(L) higher than no fertilizer on side row under R model, respectively in 2013; and 18.8%, 13.5%, and 5.5%, respectively in 2014.(3) Along with the growth process, the effect of R on dry matter per plant tended to decrease. As a result, dry matter per plant of R increased significantly compared with T in sowing to heading stage, and had small difference in filling stage, and had no significantly difference in maturity stage. The dry matter per plant tended to increased with an increase in fertilizer, especially in2013.(4) The Pn and Tr of R significantly increased in R than that in T, which was 9.9%, 9.3%, 9.2%, and 29.6% higher on Pn under high, middle, low fertilizer level, respectively; and 3.6%, 18.7%, 25.1% and 54.4% higher on Tr, respectively. RH, RM, and RL were 41.3%, 28.9%, and 19.4% higher on Pn than RCK, respectively; and 32.5%, 31.1%, and 25.6% higher on Tr, respectively.3 The effect of ridge and furrow planting model and fertilizer on yield, water use efficiency, and economic benefit.(1) The effect of R on foxtail millet yield tended to increase compared with T with increasing the fertilizer level in 2013, but decreased in 2014. Compared with T, R was 5.4% higher under high fertilizer level, and had no significantly effect on increasing yield under middle, low and no fertilizer level in 2013. But in 2014, R was 3.9%, 4.1%, 12.0% and 7.9% higher on yield under high, middle, low and no fertilizer level, respectively. Besides, R increased the effect of fertilizer on yield of foxtail millet, RH, RM and RL were 64.2%, 51.0%, and 31.2% higher than RCK, respectively; and TH, TM and TL were 55.6%, 49.0%, and 29.4% higher than TCK, respectively.(2) RH was the best treatment for yield in both two years, but had no significantly difference with RM in 2014. WUEy and net revenue was highest in RH of 2013 and RM of 2014, respectively, which were 5.4% and 4.1% higher for yield, 11.4% and 7.1% for WUEy, 6.3 and 4.4% for net revenue compared with TH and TM, respectively. Therefore, RH of flood years and RM of drought years maybe was recommended as an efficient planting pattern in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia. |
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