The Screening Of Aphis Glycines Resistance Soybean Varieties And Pesticide Control

Soybean Glycine max L. is one of the most widely grown leguminous crops in the word. As an important source of protein and oil, soybean is a guarantee to the global food safety production. As one of the major soybean producing countries, soybean production in China accounts for one over ten of global output, ranked first in the oil crops. Given the damage of soybean aphid Aphis gycines Matsumura is more and more serious todays, in this work, we studied the population dynamics of soybean aphid on different varieties soybean plants in the fields, the resistance of different varieties to soybean aphid, the control efficiency of different pesticides to soybean aphid and their effect on the soybean agronomic traits and yield, aimed to provide certain basis and guidance to the soybean aphid resistance breeding and the establishment of soybean aphid integrated management, using resistant soybean varieties as the core, combining with chemical control.We compared the number of aphid different varieties soybean plants after inoculated 14 d and 21 d later, the results show that, aphid on five varieties, Zheng97196, Zheng92116, Smooth skin, Qihuang 1(limited) and Qihuang 1(ya), were significantly lower than other varieties, and exhibited a comparatively lower increase after 21 d. In addition, there were relatively more aphids on Qihuang 26, Zhonghuang 39, Ludou 11, Qihuang 1 after 14 d, and the number upped to more than 1000 21 d later, which were significantly higher than other soybean varieties. Therefore, our research indicated that Zheng97196, Zheng92116, Smooth skin, Qihuang 1(limited) and Qihuang 1(ya) are resistant varieties to soybean aphid, and Jidou12, Shanning16, Qihuang 26, Zhonghuang 39, Ludou 11 and Qihuang 1(purple) are infectious varieties.According to the results of laboratory test, we investigated the aphid population dynamics on different varieties soybean plants in the fields. The result show that, the aphid population were lower in the three RII soybean field, which had high resistance to soybean aphid. And the population dynamic show two-peak model on the three RII soybean varieties, Smooth skin, Qihuang 1(limited) and Qihuang 1(ya), and five RIII soybean varieties, Handou 5, Qihuang 35, Hedou 12, Zhonghuang 13 and Qihuang 34, with the first peak appeared in early August, the second peak in early September. Meanwhile, the aphid population show an “low-high” two-peak model on the four RIV soybean varieties, Qihuang 26, Ludou 11, Jidou 12, Qihuang 1(purple), with the first peak appeared in middle August, the second in early September. In all varieties fields, soybean aphid usually disappeared in late September.The control efficiency of 5 chemical pesticides to soybean aphid and their effect on the soybean agronomic traits and yield were determined, it show that all tested pesticides were highly toxicity to the soybean aphid, Deltamethrin ranked first, followed by Acetamiprid, Imidacloprid, Nitenpyram and Pumetrozine in that order. The plant height, branch number, effective pod number per plant, grain number per plant, hundred-grain weight of Qihuang 34 were significantly improved by 9.3 %, 25.8%, 15.8%, 26.8%, 33.2% and 9.1%, invalid pods were significantly reduced by 33.3% compared separately with control after spraying 20% Acetamiprid. Soybean aphid damage could significantly reduced the yield of soybean, the production of Qihuang 34 in pesticide using field were increased by 33.0% compared with control respectively. Those traits of Qihuang 35 were significantly improved by 13.8%, 10.0%, 15.8%, 16.9%, 11.6% and 6.0%, and reduced by 38.7% consistently after pesticide used. Soybean aphid damage could significantly reduced the yield of soybean, the production of Qihuang 34 and Qihuang 35 in pesticide using field were increased by 33.0% and 16.9% compared with control respectively.