Effects Of Different N And C Managements On Yield, Quality And N Balance Of Wanmai 68 In The North Of Anhui Province

The thesis was the outcome of the research on the effect of different approaches of using carbon and nitrogen on the wheat in the northern area of Anhui province. The research focused on the wheat’s population quality, physiological index, yield, quality trait and nitrogen cycle in soil-plant system., effects of nitrogen used efficiency and nitrogen balance of field.The results showed that:1. Effects of different N and C managements on the crop population quality of Wanmai 68Compared with the traditional fertilizing methods of farmers, the nitrogen-reduced wheat did not perform apparent difference in seedling emergence rate, quantity of secondary roots, stem and tiller dynamic, plant height, mechanical strength, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation. Among all the treatments, the treatments of organic fertilizer and compost helped produce the highest seedling emergence rate (299.43×104/hm2、292.03×104/hm2) after sowing. The quantity of secondary roots was the most during the jointing stage (24.52 and 23.97 respectively). The first internode length was 4.75 cm and 4.24 cm respectively. With the hardest mechanical strength and the highest leaf area index, the wheat could improve its ability of absorbing nutrient and processing photosynthesis and therefore help perform high yield in the later stage. Under the treatment of straw, the seedling emergence rate was obviously lower that other treatments. The number of secondary roots was the least, and the percentage of ear bearing tiller was the lowest. Although the first internode length was comparatively short, the mechanical strength was weak, and the ability of lodging resistance was poor. Also the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation are lower that the other treatments.2. Effects of different N and C managements on the yield components, physiological index and quality index of Wanmai 68The result of Yield showed that MN、TN>CN、RN>SN>CK. The result of the experiments showed that compared with the farmers’ traditional fertilization, the reducing of nitrogen neither obviously decreased the wheat’s chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activity during the critical period nor apparently lowered the output and quality of Wanmai 68. Among all the approaches of dealing with carbon and nitrogen, the use of compost and organic fertilizer noticeably performed better than other approaches, and the differences were not significant. Then-highest yield was 8988.2kg/hm2 and 8949.9kg/hm2 respectively. These two approaches could increase the antioxidant enzyme activity and chlorophyll content of the wheat’s leaf blade in its later growth stage, so as to increase 1000-kernel weigh of wheat grain. In respect of the wheat’s quality, the use of compost has made higher protein content, bulk density, wet gluten content, more stable time and better flour yield than organic fertilizer. Meanwhile, adding crop stalk to deal with the chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activity during the critical period has made the yield and quality of the wheat lower than those of all other fertilization approaches.3. Effects of different N and C managements on nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen balance of cropThe apparent availability rate of nitrogen in the traditional treatment was 23.19%, the production efficiency was 32.5kg/kg, and the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen was 7.19 kg/kg. The apparent nitrogen loss was as high as 127.77 kg/hm2, and the highest left over soil inorganic nitrogen content was 309.56 kg/hm2. The content of nitrogen of nitrogen-reduced wheat was approximately consistent with those under traditional treatment. However, the apparent availability rate, production efficiency and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen in the nitrogen-reduced wheat are higher than those under traditional treatment. In the approach of using straw, the wheat absorbs less nitrogen than those in all other treatments. The apparent loss of nitrogen (93.72 kg/hm2) was the highest apart from the traditional treatment; the apparent availability rate of nitrogen was the lowest (19%); the production efficiency of nitrogen was the lowest (31.45kg/kg); the agronomic efficiency was only 4.75 kg/kg; in the early stage of the whole growth stages of wheat, the content of nitrogen in the soil was the lowest among all treatment of fertilizer, and in the harvest stage, it was almost consistent with other treatment of fertilization apart from traditional treatments. The plant absorb the most nitrogen under the treatment of organic fertilizer and compost (266.79 kg/hm2 and 264.32 kg/hm2 respectively); the apparent availability rate of nitrogen fertilizer was 48.12% and 49.15% respectively; the apparent loss was the lowest (11.07kg/hm2 and 12.12kg/hm2); the production efficiency of nitrogen was 34.01 kg.kg-1 and 33.55 kg.kg1; the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer was 16.73 kg.kg-1 and 16.56 kg.kg-1.The above result explains that there was great potential to lower the inputs of nitrogen in this region. It takes the risk of decreasing the output and quality of the wheat by returning crop stalk to the field in a short time, while using compost and organic fertilizer has came out to be effective approaches to greatly increase the output and quality of the wheat in this region. By concluding all the effects of approaches on population quality, yield index, quality index, quality and nitrogen balance in soil-plant system, we know that the using of compost can produce wheat with the best quality and the highest yield while effectively decrease the non-point source pollution caused by organic materials, cut economic investment, and reduce environmental pollution caused by nitrogen leaching and straw burning.