Identifying On The Structure Features Of Five Kinds Of Phoebe Nees And Machilus Nees Wood

Quality and price difference of Phoebe Nees and Machilus Nees are very big,since different origin of Phoebe Nees and Machilus Nees in China.And now facing the shortage of resources and the lack of standards, it is difficult to identify. Fraud and shoddy often makes consumers can’t distinguish authenticity.Therefore, it is helpfull to study the macro and micro analysis, structure features and cell geometry analysis to research and explore Phoebe Nees and Machilus Nees wood’s individuality and commonness.lt will regulate and perfect Phoebe Nees and Machilus Nees wood identification and evaluation.lt can provid the scientific basis for the research of wood science.The article is based on five kinds of Phoebe Nees and Machilus Nees wood (Pbournei(Hemsl.)Yang, P.zhennan S.Lee et F.-N.Wei,M.microcarpa emsl.,M.pingii Cheng and M.chinensis(Champ.ex Benth.) Hemsl.)to research the macro structure, microstructure, cells segregation, wood color, density, and analyzed the wood macroscopic, microscopic structure, cell types, combination and geometry characteristics.Exploring the relation of the gold with the crystals. Summarizing commonness and individuality of five kinds of Phoebe Nees and Machilus Nees wood.(1)Macro structure shows that:About growth ring, others are all round to oval besides M.microcarpa Hemsl. is slightly wavy;The width of wood ray is medium; About wood odor,.P.bounei(Hemsl.)Yang and P.zhennan S.Lee et F.N.Wei are light aromatic odor, M.microcarpa Hemsl. and M.pingii Cheng are the smell of the partial acid, and M.chinensis(Champ.ex Benth.) Hemsl. is spicy aromatic flavour; About wood color, Pbournei(Hemsl.)Yang is light yellow with pale green.P.zhennan S.Lee et F.N.Wei is tawny with pale red, M.microcarpa Hemsl. is light tawny, M.pingii Cheng is tawny with pale green and M.chinensis(Champ.ex Benth.) Hemsl. is bronzing with pale green. About wood glossiness, P.zhennan S.Lee et F.N.Wei, M.microcarpa Hemsl., M.pingii Cheng and M.chinensis(Champ.ex Benth.) Hemsl. are better than P.bourei(Hemsl.)Yang’s and present a bright beautiful mirage. About wood grain, P.bournei(Hemsl.)Yang and M.pingii Cheng are straight slightly, P.zhennan S.Lee et F.N.Wei is inclined slightly, M.microcarpa Hemsl.is undulate, and whole texture of M.chinensis(Champ.ex Benth.) Hemsl. is straight but part is undulate.Wood structure is uniform and delicate, texture is soft.(2) Anatomical features shows that:The pore of five kinds of Phoebe Nees and Machilus Nees gives priority to solitary pore and short pore chain,occasionally pore cluster. They are uniform distribution and diffuse porous wood; Vessel perforation is simple perforation or both simple perforation and scalariform perforation;The pit between vessels is alternate pitting or both alternate pitting and opposite pitting; They have septate wood fibre. Wood ray is not telescoped, uniseriate ray is limited and more for 2 columns,Ray parenchyma is heteromorphism Ⅱ or Ⅲ, and M.microcarpa Hemsl occasionally has heteromorphism I. Occasional twice more columns are in the same rays,Some lie across cell height is higher,The type between vessel and wood ray is notch shape and vessel pit. Wood ray of M.chinensis(Champ.ex Benth.) Hemsl.contains more deep red-brown gum, M.microcarpa Hemsl. takes second place;The main shape of longitudinal parenchyma is vasicentric and scanty paratracheal,occasionally aliform parenchyma; Wood ray and longitudinal parenchyma often have crystals and eleocytle.(3) Spun gold of Phoebe Nees and Machilus Nees is associated with the position of the crystals,number and shape.If number of crystals is more and the shape of crystals is smaller,spun gold will obvious.(4)Structure characteristic parameters showed that:Average vessel numbers of five Phoebe Nees and Machilus Nees are distributed in 10 to 30 per square mm, number of vessels are slightly less.The pore of M.pingii Cheng and M.chinensis(Champ.ex Benth.) Hemslpore are minimum,P.bournei(Hemsl.)Yang, P.zhennan S.Lee et F.N. Weiand M.pingii Cheng’s hole pipe are on the small size.About ductal cell wall thickness, M.pingii Cheng (4.27 microns)is the thickest, P.zhennan S.Lee et F.N.Wei (3.45 microns) is the thinnest, others are almost the same. About wood fiber size,M.microcarpa Hemsl. and M.chinensis(Champ.ex Benth.) Hemsl. are bigger, Rzhennan S.Lee et F.N.Wei and M.pingii Cheng take second place, P.bournei(Hemsl.)Yang is minimal. Wood fiber of P.bournei(Hemsl.) Yang (wood fiber substantial rate 65.81%) is the most osteoporosis, M.pingii Cheng (73.94%), M.microcarpa Hemsl. (72.61%) and P.zhennan S.Lee et F.N.Wei (71.81%) of compaction degree are relatively dense.M.chinensis(Champ.ex Benth.) Hemsl. (67.65%) takes second place.About the wood ray number of unit length, M.pingii Cheng (22.85 every 5 mm)is the less, and wood ray of other four kinds have similar number in 25 to 50 every 5 mm, belonging to the less.About the number of crystal, numbers per unit area of P.zhennan S.Lee et F.N.Wei (208.96 per square mm) and M.pingii Cheng (232.65 per square mm) are more.(4) Tissue ratios analysis shows that:P.bournei(Hemsl.)Yang wood’s fiber tissue ratios(64.35%) is the biggest among others, and longitudinal parenchyma (11.21%) is minmum;P.zhennan S.Lee et F.N.Wei’s ray parenchyma (13.33%) is the biggest, M.pingii Cheng’s (26.77%) vessel and crystals (2.22%) is biggest among others, but the wood fiber(50.16%) and ray parenchyma(10.79%)is the smallest.M.chinensis(Champ.ex Benth.) Hemsl. vessel (10.45%) and crystals (0.92%) is the minimum, and longitudinal parenchyma (19.11%) is the biggest of all.(5) Cell geometry characteristics analysis shows that:five kinds of Phoebe Nees and Machilus Nees vessels all are rectangular, cylindrical, spindle and end pointed end blunt the shape of a flat, have not found the drum, the rectangle as the main cell morphology were accounted for over 40% of the total cells form. M.microcarpa Hemsl. and M.chinensis(Champ.ex Benth.) Hemsl. are similar in cone-shaped duct cells, M.chinensis(Champ.ex Benth.) Hemsl. has vessel shape of daike. Except P.bournei(Hemsl.) Yang’s wood fiber is straight,others have different degree bending.Length of M.chinensis(Champ.ex Benth.) Hemsl.’s accumbent cells are significantly higher than other trees.Stringing numbers of five kinds’ Phoebe Nees and Machilus Nees longitudinal parenchyma mostly are 2-5, occasionally single, with both ends of the rectangular form for blunt or sharp cutting. Only P.bournei(Hemsl.)Yang, Rzhennan S.Lee et F.N.Wei and M.pingii Cheng have crystal druseaf Only P.zhennan S.Lee et F.N.Wei and M.pingii Cheng have rhombohedral crystals.Only M.microcarpa Hemsl has long and thin crystal.(6) Five kinds Phoebe Nees and Machilus Nees wood’s are red and yellow, P.bournei(Hemsl.)Yang is compared with darker color, low saturation, hues separately are P.bournei(Hemsl.)Yang 4.85Y, P.zhennan S.Lee et F.N.Wei 3.04Y, M.microcarpa Hemsl.2.99 Y, M.pingii Cheng 3.27 Y, M.chinensis(Champ.ex Benth.) Hemsl.1.62 Y.(7) Dry density of P.zhennan S.Lee et F.N.Wei in Phoebe Nees and Machilus Nees is 0.553 g/cm3,which is greater thann P.bournei(Hemsl.)Yang(0.479 g/cm3). Dry densityof M.microcarpa Hemsl. which belongs to M.pingii Cheng is 0.740g/cm3 is bigger than M.chinensis(Champ.ex Benth.) Hemsl. and M.pingii Cheng,but dry density of M.pingii Cheng (0.634g/cm) and M.chinensis(Champ.ex Benth.) Hemsl. (0.652 g/cm3) are basic similar.