| Prunus tomentosa, which originates in China, belongs to Subgenus cerasus, Prunus, Rosaceae. P. tomentosa, mainly distributes in wild type, is widerspread in North part of China. P. tomentosa,as a shrub with flourishing roots,has good characteristics, e.g. anti-cold and sustaining poor soils. Because of the fine biological characteristics and good fruit quality in P. tomentosa, fruit breeders pay much attention on it. P. tomentosa has already been used in the study of dwarfing rootstocks, Landscaping and production. Due to the distribution of wild P. tomentosa, the diversity of germplasm resources is very rich, which provides the guarantee for the further development and use of wild P. tomentosa. By now, there’re not comprehensive study of wild P. tomentosa both in China and abroad in molecular level. We don’t know much about the situation of the habitat in wild P. tomentosa either. In order to make better use of these abundant germplasm resources, we have done field investigation of the distribution of wild P. tomentosa and collected samples in 21 regions of 12 provinces in China by studying the information from flora and herbarium. After the field investigation, 207 samples were collected from 11 regions of 8 provinces in China eventually. Genetic diversity and populations genetic structure of eleven wild P. tomentosa populations with 207 samples in China were investigated using SSR markers. The results are as follows:1. Through the investigation in 21 regions of 12 provinces in China, we found that the wild P. tomentosa in China are suffering serious destruction with some reasons and sharply decreasing in some areas. It is necessary to take some measures to protect the wild resources in some areas.2. A total of 13 microsatellite primers selected from 121 primers which were chosen from P. avium、P. persica、P. salicina and P. armeniaca were used to amplify 207 P. tomentosa individuals. The results showed that the transfer rate of P persica primer was the highest with 40%; The following is the P. avium primers with 35%; The third was from P armeniaca primers with 21%; The lowest was P salicina primers with merely 14%.3. A total of 108 alleles of 11 loci were detected and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to14. The observed average number of alleles(A) was 4.2308; the effective number of alleles(Ae) was 2.8763.4. The 13 selected primers possessed a high level of polymorphism in 11 populations. Among the 11 populations, the highest percentage of polymorphic loci(PPL) was in DS populaiton with 100%. The lowest percentage of polymorphic loci(PPL) was in YT populaiton with 84.62%.The others were 92.31%.5. The relatively high levels Shannon’s diversity(I:0.8842–1.3940)and gene diversity(H:0.4900–0.6812)revealed relatively rich genetic diversity in Chinese wild P. tomentosa. The level of genetic diversity of 11 wild populations was listed as follows: HY>XL>DB>HL>XS>SB>QS>LY>DS>KS>YT. The genetic diversity of HY population was the richest among the 11 populations.6. The coefficient of differentiation of wild populations ranged from 0.0240 to 0.3235, with the average of 0.2084. About 79.16% of gene differentiation(Fst = 0.2084) was observed within the populations. It indicated that gene differentiation among the populations was relatively high and the gene differentiation mainly existed in populations.7. Based on UPGMA algorithm, the 11 populations were divided into four groups: group one contained the populations of LY and HY; group two included the five populations of XL, HL, XS, DB and QS; SB population was divided into group three alone; group four contained the populations of YT, DS and KS. |
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