Effects Of Cultivation Patterns On The Radiation Use And Grain Yield Of Winter Wheat

Taking winter wheat cultivar Tainong 18 as test material,this paper set three treatments, local farmer practice pattern(FP), super high yield pattern(SH) and high yield high efficiency pattern(HH) to investigate the effects of cultivation patterns on the intercepted photosynthetically active radiation(IPAR), PAR use efficiency(RUE), dry matter(DM) accumulation, harvest index(HI), grain yield light utilization efficiency(LUE) and fertilizers’ partial factor productivity(PFP) in two growing season, 2012-2013 and 2013-2014, under high and low fertility level. The following are the main research results: 1 Effects of cultivation pattern on PAR interception of wheatThere is a significant function between leaf area index(LAI) and PAR interception efficiency(IPAR%) of wheat: IPAR% = [0.9985(1-e-0.6188LAI)-0.0350] × 100%. With the increase in leaf area index, PAR interception efficiency increased. The maximum value of the light interception efficiency of wheat was about 96%. Cultivation patrern significantly affected dynamic changes of leaf area index, which affect the efficiency of PAR interception. With the advance of crop growth, PAR interception efficiency increased first and then decreased, and the maximum appeared at booting stage. After the getting the maximum PAR interception efficiency, the decay rate under different cultivation patterns differed significantly, as a result, PAR interception efficiency were significantly different.In both fertility level, the IPAR before flowering performanced that SH and FP were significantly higher than HH pattern, with no significant difference between SH and FP. The IPAR after flowering of SH and HH pattern were significantly higher than that of FP. The IPAR of the total growing stage performanced that SH and HH were significantly higher than FP,and in the 2012/2013 growing season of winter wheat, HH was significantly lower than FP mode, while in 2013/2014 winter wheat growing season, there was no significant difference between HH and FP pattern. The results indicated that SH pattern helped intercepted more PAR across the growing season than FP pattern. When compared with FP pattern, although the HH pattern intercepted less PAR, it improved the IPAR after anthesis. 2 Effects of cultivation pattern on PAR use efficiency of wheatThe experiments showed that cultivation patterns significantly influenced the PAR use efficiency(RUE) of pre-anthesis satge, post-anthesis stage and total growing season of winter wheat. RUE of pre-anthesis was significantly lower than that of post-anthesis. In both growing seasons and both fertility levels, RUE of pre-anthesis performance that SH was significantly higher than FP and HH mode, and there was no significant difference between HH and FP pattern. RUE of post-anthesis and total growing season performance that SH and HH were significantly higher than FP pattern, and SH didn’t differ significantly with HH. The results indicated that SH pattern got higher RUE than FP pattern. When compared with FP pattern, although pre-anthesis RUE of HH pattern didn’n differ significantly, post-anthesis RUE increased significantly, as a result, RUE of total growing season got improved. 3 Effects of cultivation pattern on transportation and distribution of dry matter of wheatThe experiments showed that cultivation patterns significantly influenced dry matter(DM) accumulation, dry matter accumulation rate(DMAR), dry matter partitioning(harvest index, HI) and net canopy photosynthetic rate of post-anthesis stage. In both growing seasons and both fertility levels, DM accumulation at anthesis performanced SH > FP > HH, while DM accumulation at maturity performanced SH > HH > FP. DMAR decreased firstly from seeding to jionting, and then increased from jointing to about anthesis, and decreased from about anthesis to maturity. Before anthesis, DMAR among treatments differed less obviously, but there was more different among treatments, showing that SH and HH was significant higher FP. Partitioning efficiency, or harvest index(HI), which was determined by the amount of biomass allocated to vegetative versus reproductive structures, performance that HH was significant higher than SH and FP. The results indicated that when compared to FP pattern, SH helped improve the post-anthesis, so the DM accumulation increased significantly. Pre-anthesis DM accumulation of HH pattern was less than that of FP, but HH helped improve the post-anthesis DMAT, so total growing season DM accumulation was higher than that of FP, at the same time HH improved the DM partitioning efficiency to grain. 4 Effects of cultivation pattern on grain yield and fertilizer partial factor productivity of wheatIn both growing season and both fertility level, grain yield under SH and HH pattern were significantly higher than that under FP pattern. In the low fertility level, SH’s grain yield was significantly higher than that of HH pattern. In high fertility levels, SH was significantly higher than FP in the wheat growing season 2012/2013, while, in 2013/2014 growing season, there was no significant difference between SH and HH.In both growing season and both fertility level, partial factor productivity(PFP) of nitrogen fertilizer showed the relationship HH > SH > FP, PFP of phosphorus fertilizer HH > FP > SH, and PFP of potassium fertilizer FP > HH > SH. The results indicated that SH pattern could help improve grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer PFP, compared with FP pattern, but with the increasing of amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application, PFP of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer decreased. When compared with SH pattern, grain yield under HH was slightly lower(decreased by 3.60%), at the same time, PFP of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer all averagely increased by 26.52%, 68.69% and 92.79%, respectively. 5 Effects of cultivation pattern on light utilization efficiency of wheatThe experiments showed that cultivation patterns could significantly influence wheat farmland light utilization efficiency(LUE), grain light utilization efficiency(LUEg) and energy harvest index(EHI). In both growing season and both fertility level, there was no significant difference among each organ’s caloric value(CV) of all treatments at anthesis stage. At maturity, there was no significant difference among grain’s CV of all treatments, the same to husk+axis, but CV of stems and leaves under HH pattern were significantly lower than that under SH and FP pattern. LUE performance the relationship SH > HH > FP. LUEg under SH and HH were significantly higher than that under FP, and there was no significant difference between SH and HH pattern. Energy partitioning efficiency, orenergy harvest index(EHI), which was determined by the amount of energy allocated to vegetative versus reproductive structures(grain), performance that HH was significantly higher than that under SH and FP pattern, and there was no no significant difference between SH and FP pattern. The results indicated that SH pattern improved LUE and LUEg, when compared with FP pattern. HH pattern got higher LUE and LUEg than FP pattern, at the same time, it helped increased the energy partitioning efficiency.