Study On Pesticide Residues In Vegetable And Soil Of Greenhouse And The Health Condition Of Growers In Yinchuan Suburb

Objective:1.To investigate the knowledge，attitude and practice related to pesticides useamong growers of vegetable greenhouses in Yinchuan suburb，and to investigate thecharacteristics of microclimate and to evaluate pesticide residues in vegetables and soil ofvegetable greenhouses；And then disscuss the relationship between pesticide exposure andhealth status of greenhouse workers； Methods:A survey was conducted in Zhangzheng townof Yinchuan suburb where vegetable greenhouses were concentrated，and then90vegetablegreenhouses in the area was selected with mechanical sampling method.Environmentalmonitoring and detection of pesticide residue included organophosphate pesticides，carbamatepesticides and pyrethroid pesticides in vegetables and soil were conducted in35greenhouseswhich were randomly chosen from the90greenhouses.Acording to the rules of chooseingexposure and control groups，the population was divided to exposure group and controlgroup.The exposure group was composed of310growers in the selected vegetablegreenhouses.145local residents who had never used pesticides were in the control group.Results: Pesticide residues in vegetable and soil of greenhouseIn vegetable samples，there were16kinds of pesticides detected.The overall detection rate andover standard rate was respectively62.86%and14.29%.The maximum concentration oftriazophos and fenobucarb in vegetable was respectively41.86times and22.73times higherthan the limit.In vegetables,The detection rate of16kinds of organophosphate pesticides，6kinds of carbamate pesticides and5kinds of pyrethroid pesticides was successively34.29%，17.14%and45.71%.The over standard rate of organophosphate pesticides，carbamatepesticides and pyrethroid pesticides was successively8.57%，8.57%and0%.For vegetable samples，the detection rate of pyrethroid pesticides was statistically significant higher thanthat of carbamate pesticides(P<0.05).In soil samples，there were12kinds of pesticides detected.The overall detection rate was88.57%.The detection rate of16kinds of organophosphate pesticides，6kinds of carbamatepesticides and5kinds of pyrethroid pesticides was successively71.43%，45.71%and54.29%.The detection rate of three types of pesticides had no significant differences in soil samples(P>0.05).The detection of micro-climate in vegetable greenhousesThe temperature，humidity and CO2concentration in greenhouse was statistically significanthigher than those outside (P<0.05)， and there was no significant differences of COconcentration between greenhouse and outside place (P>0.05).Epidemiological investigation1. Cultivation of vegetable greenhouses：Family was a basic unit for vegetable greenhousegrowers，who commonly had2to4sunlight greenhouses to plant.It was quite common that2people per household did the planting work.Generally，the area of their greenhouses was1to4acres.2. The knowledge，attitude and practice related to pesticides use among growers of vegetablegreenhouses：88.5%of the growers obtained pesticide knowledge through pesticide store.90.6%of them choose pesticides according to their own experience and recommendationfrom pesticide sellers.85.2%of the growers expressed the wish to participate inpesticide-related knowledge training, but only3.9%regularly attended the training；Thepropotion of growers who knowed that pesticide can get into the body though the respiratorysystem，digestive system，skin, the placenta and breast was successively91.6%，51.6%，68.4%，18.4%.In the past year，cyhalothrin，chlorpyrifos and dimethoate were used mostcommonly among growers；28.7%of the growers use caps or bottles when they amount pesticide；79.4%of them frequently or occasionally mixed pesticides；The propotion of usingelectric sprayer was only2.9%；Only21.6%of them used pesticide according to theinstruction；During the process of spraying，14.6%of them drinked, eated or smoked；65.8%of them did not take any protective measures during the spraying process；over80%of themthrow pesticide package or containers at the edge，buried or burned.3. Exposure assessment：Based on the algorithm of cumulative pesticide exposure,weanalyzed the questionnaires and then caculated the According to exposure assessment ofexisting literature，we calculated the pesticide exposure intensity score (X±SD=10.26±12.11)for each of the310the greenhouse workers according to percentile33%(2.56),67%(10.71) the exposure levels.Then the exposure group was divided into pesticide exposurescore(X±SD=10.26±12.11)，then it was divided into low, medium and high exposure levels.The distribution of gender，smoking，drinking and others were not statistically different in thetwo groups (P>0.05)，but the distribution of ages was statistically different in the two groups(P <0.05).4. Self-reported symptom of greenhouse workers：By Mantel-Haenszel stratified analysiscorrected for age，self-reported rates of exposure group was significantly higher than that ofcontrol group in seven symptoms besides headache，cough，joint pain，redness and so on(P<0.05).Trend2test showed that self-reported rate of headache，cough，joint pain and itchyskin was positively correlated with the exposure levels，self-reported rate of the foursymptoms increased gradually with exposure levels.Spearman rank correlation analysis foundthat the reporting frequency of the musculoskeletal system and skin irritation increased withthe growth of exposure increases (P<0.05).Conclusions:1.It was serious to pesticide residues in vegetables of greenhouse of Yinchuansuburb.There was many kinds of pesticide residues,the detection rate was high，multiplepesticide residues were found in one sample,several types of pesticides were seriously overweight the limit；In soil, there was a certain pesticide residues，and the detection rate washigh.2.Greenhouse growers exposed to particular working environment of hightemperatures，high humidity，high CO2concentrations work environment，which may affecttheir health.3.Vegetable greenhouse growers had low education,lacked of pesticideknowledge.They had limited ways to obtain pesticide information but had a positive attitudetoward to pesticide information；Their behavior of pesticide use was non-standard,theirhygiene habits of pesticide use was poor and the protection of pesticide was low.4.Thepesticide exposure of greenhouse growers effected their health.The levels of pesticideexposure was closely related to the grower’ nervous system， musculoskeletal systemsymptoms and skin and eye irritation.