Effect Of Full Coverage On Double Ridges With Furrow Planting And Stalk Returned To Field Technology On Soil Physical And Chemical Characteristics And Maize Growth

This test sets the completely mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with furrow andcombining different forms of straw returning, in order to explore the best way to return to field,through the influence of different treatments on soil physical and chemical properties, provide atheoretical basis for better application of straw returning and the completely mulched alternatingnarrow and wide ridges with furrow to agricultural production. This study conducted in the typicalsemiarid dry-land in Gansu province, located in the Shitougou village core demonstration area.This test sets the half-mulching and flat-planting(T1)、slush covering complete mulching and flatplanting(T2)、slush covering mulching and flat planting+straw returning(T3)、slush coveringmulching and flat planting+pulverization and returning(T4)、complete mulching and flat withwhole film in autumn(T5)、complete mulching and flat with whole film in autumn+strawreturning(T6)、complete mulching and flat with whole film in autumn+pulverization and returning(T7)7treatments, test in November2012to October2013. By experiment draw the followingconclusions:1. Impact of the completely mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with furrow strawreturning on soil moisture has a dual nature, earlier stage will reduce the surface soil moisture, soilwater content increased in the intermediate stage. No straw returning treatment`s soil moisturethan the12.19%-14.28%decline in pre-sowing A, In the same film treatment, the rate of decline,pulverization and returning treatments is faster than straw returning; After corn large bell stage,20-60cm soil layer of straw returning treatment is significantly higher than that no straw to fieldtreatment and the treatments of straw returning is less volatile. Decreased significantly eachtreatment0-200cm soil water storage compared to pre-treatment straw returning treatment and nostraw to field treatment, with the increase in crop growth and rainfall, straw returning treatment isbigger raise over the soil water storage volume of no straw to field treatment; Straw returning ismainly a greater impact on0-120cm soil moisture, and less impact on the120cm soil layer soilmoisture. it helps to alleviate long-term cultivation of crops due to high water and soil desiccation.The half-mulching and flat-planting is very serious for the consumption of soil moisture,100cmbelow the soil available soil water content is below20%, there is a serious trend in the upcomingdry layer of soil, it in100-200cm soil layer of soil effective water content has been increasedsignificantly than T1, increase of more than40%on average.2. Completely mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with furrow straw returning caneffectively reduce the soil bulk density. Individual processing reached the highest soil bulk densityin20-30cm soil layer, formation obviously with high density, and the soil before planting,0-10cm soil layer after harvest surface soil bulk density has a larger increase, T1`s soil bulk densityincreased more, T6and T7`s20-30cm soil layer after harvest are more fell before planting, at the same time, after harvest soil bulk density of0-20cm soil layer is lower than T1.3. Straw returning can improve the content of soil organic carbon, and the effect of organiccarbon increased complete mulching and flat with whole film in autumn+straw returning is betterthan slush covering mulching and flat planting+straw returning, in charge of the content of soilorganic carbon no straw to field treatment is certain degree of reduced before planting; The totalnitrogen in soil changes between the groups is small, but the overall trend is decline; the numberof available N, straw returning treatment is less than no straw to field treatment, in the strawtreatment, the soil solution of available in straw decomposition zone of high nitrogen content thancorn growing areas in the heading of each treatment period to achieve the highest, in sowing stage,each treatment phosphorus little difference, with the growth of corn, straw soil available P wassignificantly higher than in field processing zones simultaneously straw, straw decompositionprocess is slightly higher than corn growing areas.4. Completely mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with furrow straw returning haspositive effect to the growth of maize, could significantly increase maize plant height, stemdiameter, leaf area per plant and the quality of dry matter accumulation; It can significantlyincrease the maize yield, and improve the efficiency of water use, the yield of T6is best, compareT5and T1increased by3.95%and88.97%, water consumption was significantly lower than T5atthe same time; T7has highest water use efficiency, increased by91.58%than T1, but no significantdifference compared with T5.5. Complete mulching and flat with whole film in autumn+straw returning treatment prolongthe time of straw stalk rot in the soil solution, at the same time can enhance soil water retention inleisure period. Returning the lever handle in the prophase of soil water consumption was lowerthan those of returning crushing processing, is conducive to the growth of maize emergence andthe early. At the same time in the middle and later showed a good water retention, to maize plantheight, leaf area and dry matter accumulation has a positive influence, finally get higher yield.Complete mulching and flat with whole film in autumn+straw returning treatment is better in goodprecipitation conditions.