Research On The Reproductive Ecological Characteristics In Olive

In order to ascertain the reasons of low and unstable yield of olive production inChina. Leccino‘and Ezhi-8‘of10or15years old trees in Dawangou TechnologyDemonstration Garden of Wudu District were taken as the material, and therelationships between tree size and flower laod, pollination styles correlated and fruitsetting rates, flowering phenology, pollen flow density and meteorological factors inolive garden were analysed, and floral traits and flowering process, pollen viabilityand stigma receptivity were determined.The blossom period of olive orchards in Wudu district began in early to mid May,and lasted for12days, with the peak flowering duration for about3days. The singleflower has4petals,2stamens and1pistil，it is opening for about3days. One singleflower contains about90000pollen grains and has4ovules; it is the P/O ratio about22500.The15-year-old olive trees loaded about90000flowers，and10-year-old olive treeshad about50000flowers. No significant difference in fruit setting rates was foundbetween10and15year-old trees，so tree size had no significant effect on fruit settingrate.Temperature is the main meteorological factors affecting olive flowering, Theoptimum temperature is20℃. Sunlight intensity is main meteorological factorsaffecting loose powder, more60000lx conducive to loose powder.There was nosignificant difference of pollen flow density in horizontal directions, but the pollenflow density was decreased significantly upward.The pollen viability of Laixin and Ezhi-8at flowering opening was97.23%±2.05%and95.21%±1.05%respectively, but it is decreased to60.41%±1.54%and60.11%±1.63%after24hours. The two species of stigma have strong receptivitywithin24hours after flowering; it is decreased significantly in24hours afterflowering. The best pollination period is after the flowering of24hours.The temperature average on20℃in the field, after flowering pollen fell in thestigma instantly germination, pollen tube through of the room of guide the organization into the skin surface of the ovary, after pollination3days pollen tubeenters the cells and release two sperms, after pollination3days fusion of one spermand egg, and the same period fusion of another sperm and nuclear, zygote dormancyperiod of time, after6days pollination zygote begins to divide. After30dayspollination endosperm nucleus is oval shape. After45days pollination endospermnucleus is willow shape.The fruit setting rate of cross-pollination> natural pollination> self-pollination, andthe difference was significant. Abnormal ovary enlargement (much smaller thannormal development of the pollinated ovary) and high fruting rate (10%) ofunpollinated flower was found, but the reasons are yet to be researched.The average fruiting rate of the investigated olive cultivars were about3.5percentunder field conditions, two fruit drop periods in June and October were observed andJune fruit drop contributed much more to the low fruting rate of oliver and Octoberfruit drop.