| Jiangxi is the advantageous region on the development of rice production, is typical ofdouble cropping areas in southern China. It plays a very important position in riceproduction in China, has the great significance for ensuring the food security of JiangxiProvince and the country. The paper studied ecological effects of winter fallow fielddevelopment and efficient use of resources and research on optimized mode under wintergreen manure development and upland multiple cropping system in paddy field on anexperimental basis for two consecutive years. The results are as follows:1. From the point of view of crop yield, compared with the control, the treatments ofwinter green manure and upland multiple cropping patterns among two-year are conduciveto increase production of late rice. The rate were3.19%～5.90%and2.66%～6.77%respectively. Therefore, the winter green manure and upland multiple cropping patternscould promote rice growth, increase rice yield, which rapeseed/peanut-rice and vegetable/peanut∥corn–rice cropping patterns performed better in paddy field.2. Compared with the previous data, all treatments of soil bulk density showed adeclining trend for two consecutive years under winter green manure and upland multiplecropping patterns. But the total soil porosity and capillary porosity had to a certain extentcompared to the previous data. This trend will help improve soil aeration. Analysis of eachtreatments, the treatments of potato/corn∥soybean-rice and green manure-rice-ricecropping performed more prominent increasing soil physical properties. And fromtwo-years soil nutrient data, the winter green manure and upland multiple croppingpatterns help to improve soil fertility, which green manure (milk vetch)-rice-rice playeda promoting role on the absorption and accumulation of nutrient.3. Compared with the control, the winter green manure and upland multiple croppingpatterns could improve the content of soil organic carbon and active organic carbon. Thedescription of winter green manure application has a significant promoting effect on soilactive organic carbon. Changes in the magnitude of different treatments of soil activeorganic carbon content is greater than the magnitude of changes in total organic carbon,indicating that the response of soil active organic carbon are more sensitive to contribute toinstructing or warning changes of soil quality. Compared to the control, the treatments B, C,D, E of soil carbon management index (CPMI) increased32.08,21.98,18.46and24.47respectively under winter green manure and upland multiple cropping patterns. Thuswinter green manure have more positive role in improving soil carbon pool index and carbon management index.4. Different winter green manure and upland multiple cropping patterns in paddyfields have a significant influence on the density of paddy weeds, the weed inhibitoryeffect was significantly better than the control. Upland multiple cropping pattern can beexplained due to changes in crop growth habit, to a certain extent in favor of weedsuppression. Harm weeds had eight families,13species in the survey area in paddy fields,including Echinochloa crusgalli, Monochoia vaginalis, Sagittaria pygmaea and Eleocharisyokoscensis. The number of four kinds of weeds representing83.06%of all weeds.5. The overall efficiency index of each system sorted as follows: rapeseed/peanut-rice>Vegetable/peanut∥corn-rice> green manure-rice-rice> potato/corn∥soybean-rice>fallow-rice–rice in2012. It can be explained that rapeseed/peanut-rice croppingpatterns could drive high-yielding, conducive to the sustainable development ofagricultural production. In2013the performance was vegetable/peanut∥corn-rice>rapeseed/peanut-rice> green manure-rice-rice> potato/corn∥soybean-rice> fallow-rice–rice. So the vegetable/peanut∥corn–rice planting model can take into account thethree benefits (economic, ecological, social), is conducive to the sustainable developmentof agricultural production. From combined result of two terms, the cropping pattern ofrapeseed/peanut-rice-vegetable/peanut∥corn-rice in paddy fields can take intoaccount three major benefits, taking into account food security and agricultural structureadjustment and increasing farmers’ income and other social problems. It also has great rolein promoting agricultural development for the winter, make full use of natural resourcesand sustainable development of agricultural production. It is the winter green manure andupland multiple cropping patterns to suite a large scale to apply in China’s Poyang LakeEcological Economic Zone in paddy fields. |
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