The Difference Of Fuji Apple Leaf And Fruit Quality Among Different Habits And Their Relationship With Environmental Factors

We have studied the difference of Fuji apple leaves and fruit quality among differentaltitudes and different mulchings, besides, their response to the environmental factors wasalso researched, and come to the results:1. The leaf morphology, anatomy, δ13C et al. and fruit quality of Fuji apple trees changesa lot within the three elevation gradients (1375m,1575m and1715m). With the elevationincreasing, the leaf thickness, cuticle thickness, ratio of palisade and spongy, maximumconduit diameter, δ13C and nitrogen content per unit area increased gradually. To the contrary,the ratio between leaf length and width, specific leaf area, ratio between stomata length andwidth and the upper and lower epidermis of the leaf thickness decreases gradually; Fruit shapeindex, fruit hardness, sugar-acid ratio, anthocyanin, total color and the a/b-value increasedgradually while the titratable acid and the hue angle got the opposite results.2. The response of the leaves and fruit quality of Fuji apple trees under differentelevations to the estimated eleven environment factors was tested by using stepwiseregression analysis. The results showed that the Warmth index, Bailey’s index, PAR,Coldness index, Ultraviolet B and the Annual precipitation were the dominant environmentalfactors that affected the leaves and fruit characteristic parameters. With the elevationincreasing, followed by the lower Warmth index, higher Bailey’s index, higher PAR, higherColdness index, higher Ultraviolet B and bigger Annual precipitation, the leaf and fruitparameters have different changes.3. At higher altitude, the Fuji apple trees had higher Photosynthetic rate and water useefficiency. The fruit had higher sugar-acid ratio and anthocyanin, better fruit flavor andappearance color. We can conclude that in the selected region at an altitude of1375～1715m,higher altitude is more advantageous to Fuji apple growth.4. The influence of gravel mulching, black film mulching and white film mulching to theleaves and fruit quality of Fuji apple trees has been studied. Contrast with film mulching, thegravel mulching has higher leaf area, dry weight of hundred leaves, δ13C, chlorophyll content,NPK content, fruit weight, anthocyanin, total color, the a/b-value, flowering rate and yield.On the contrary, the gravel mulching has lower fruit shape index, fruit hardness, solublesolids, titratable acid, sugar-acid ratio and the hue angle. Wihtin the Film mulching, the black film mulching has higher leaf area, dry weight of hundred leaves, stomatal density, δ13C,content of NK, flowering rate, yield, fruit weight, sugar-acid ratio, anthocyanin and thea/b-value than the white film mulching while the white film mulching has higher fruit shapeindex, fruit hardness, soluble solids, titratable acid, and hue angle.5. The relationship between eleven soil environmental factors and leaves and fruitquality of Fuji apple trees has been studied, and we find that the Total nitrogen, Availablepotassium, Nitrate nitrogen, Ammonium nitrogen, Soil bulk density play a leading role forleaf structure parameters, and the fruit quality is mainly affected by Total nitrogen, Totalpotassium, Available potassium and Ammonium nitrogen.6. In terms of all the parameters, the Fuji apple trees with gravel mulching has a betterwater use efficiency, fruit yield and quality than with film mulching, and the black filmmulching is better than the white one.