| Natural grassland is the material basis for the development of husbandry in the minorityarea, and it is also a very important component to maintain the balance of natural ecologicalenvironment. For a long time, as to drought, overgrazing, over reclamation and other naturaland man-made factors, which are decreasing on high-quality forage year by year, Therefore,the poisonous weeds are fast growth, reverse succession of grasslands. These results showedthat a lot of poisonous weeds in natural grassland, destroying the balance of natural ecologicalenvironment,and a large number of livestock poisoning even death due to grazed poisonousweeds mistakenly. Especially in recent decades, the rapid spreading of poisonous weeds hadcaused the degeneration of natural grassland, the decrease of available grass, the degradationof grasslands and poisonous weeds which have seriously effected the economic developmentof husbandry and cause negative influence on the balance of ecological environment and thesocial stability of minority area. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of poisonousweeds disaster situation in natural grassland of pastoral, weed species and geographicdistribution, the effective prevention and control, the solution of the poisonous weeds disaster,is of great significance to improve the grassland productivity and forage quality, promote thesustainable development of animal husbandry in pastoral areas and farmers’ income,flourishing frontier minority economy and stabilize the ecological environment balance. Inthis study,The species, geographical distribution,harm of poisonous weeds and the variousways to control toxic weed poisoning in natural grasslands of Akesu were investigated byfield survey and literature review. On the basis of the local traditional technology to controlthe poisonous-weeds, sever aladvices how to control and utilize poisonous-weeds were given，in order to provide people with the basic information to know and research the mainpoisonous weeds in natural grassland of Akesu. This results have achieved following:1.The mainly species of poisonous-weeds in Akesu natural grasslandsThere are66species of poisonous weeds,which belong to22families and49genera innatural grasslands of Akesu, and they account for12.67%in the plants species in the Locality.Among these poisonous weeds, there are3species ferns, which belong to1family and2 genera，account for4.5%；there are3species gymnosperms, which belong to1family and1genera，account for4.5%；there are60species angiosperm, which belong to20family and46genera，account for91%. The mainly poisonous weeds which harm to animal husbandry areOxytropis glabra, Sophora alopecuroides, Peganum harmala, Sphaerophysa salsula,Oxytropis glabra,Anabasis aphylla,Salicornia europaea， Halogeton glomeratus，Achnatherum inebrians and Xanthium sibiricum.2. The harm and distribution of poisonous-weeds in Akesu natural grasslandsThe distribution area of poisonous weeds are62.02万hm2in natural grassland of Akesu,accont for7.12%of the available grassland area. The distribution area of poisonous weeds inthe larger area of the county to Wushi，Kuche，Shaya，Awati and Wensu counties, reached49.86ten thousand hm2, accont for80.34%in distribution area of poisonous weeds in Akesugrasslands. There were42780adult livestock by causing poisonous-weeds about, Theabortion and death number of young livestock were about18800from2009to2013in Akesu.According to incomplete statistics, the number of livestock poisoning are903and death are602due to poisonous Oxytropis glabra in four counties of Awati，Shaya，Kuche andBaicheng，and it caused economic losses about47.3million RMB in2013. The rate ofpoisoning livestocks had reached26.02%, the rate of fatality had reached60.91%.3. The prevention and control technology of poisonous-weeds in Akesu naturalgrasslandsOn the basis of the local artificial digging, mechanical clearing and chemical drugs tocontrol the poisonous-weeds. Several main methods of poisonous-weeds were included:ecological control, drug control, detoxification treatment, development and utilization ofmedical resources, botanical pesticide and feed resources. These methods were generalized andpopularized in grassland in aksu, and it could reduce livestocks poisonous weeds poisoning. |
