| Traditional irrigation and drainage measures can’t meet demands of theconstruction of the core food production districts, so it is a pressing matter of themoment that establishing water-saving irrigation measures according to the regionalnatural conditions. Based on this, Zhumadian City that is food productiontypical districts located in HuangHuaiHai Plainis is selected as study case areas torecommend water-saving irrigation measures adapting with different areascharacteristics of topography and soil profile. Its aim is provide scientificrecommendation for the core food production districts construction.This study result shows that the city divide into seven areas on the basis ofcharacteristics of topography and soil profile:(1) The area mainly distribute inBiyang County and Queshan County and account for12%of the total area.Geomorphic type is shallow hills. Soil erosion is serious due to higher ground andsteep slope. Bedrock or rock weathering is in the below of soil layers that is so thinthat is unsuitable for crops. So the primary task is to energetically develop forestrysectors and renovate reservoir to improve store water capacity.(2) The area locates inthe bottom of shallow hills and the top of down land. It mainly distributes in BiyangCounty, Queshan County, Runan County, Zhengyang County, Yicheng City, SuipingCounty and account for5%of the total area. It should energetically develop terracedfields in case of soil and water loss. Barrier layer appears to the bottom of topsoil thatis poor permeability and is not resistant to drought and waterlogging. So it is best thatmake use of sprinkler irrigation to grow crops.(3) The area locates in low-lying downland. It distributes in every county and account for30%of the total area. There is nobarrier layer in soil profile and soil texture has good permeability, so the soil is able topreferably retain water. But due to low-lying terrain, waterlog frequently occur in thisarea, therefore, it is important that dredge drainage system in order to ensure foodproductive.(4) The area locates in the bottom of down land and have a steep slope,soSoil erosion is serious. It mainly distributes in Runan County, Zhengyang County,Yicheng City and account for9%of the total area. Due to slope of the terrain, mineral substance of topsoil seriously erosion and there is barrier layer in the bottom of soilthat is impermeability to water and gas influenced by argillic horizon. In order toimprove food production, it is should be focused on renovating small reservoir,elaborating terraces and making use of sprinkler irrigation.(5) The area is composedof rivers flooding deposition. It distributes in Xiping county, Suiping county andShangcai county, and account for30%of the total area. There is no barrier layer insoil profile and soil texture has good permeability, so the soil is able to preferablyretain water. So it is best to make use of surface irrigation such as furrow irrigation,border irrigation and surge irrigation.(6) The area locates in low-lying land, so drainwaterlogged farmland become a primary issue for agricultural development.It mainlydistributes in Pingyu County, Shangcai County, Xincai County and ZhengyangCounty, and account for28%of the total area. Due to lie to the edge of the depression,black soil that is typical barrier layer of this soil profile is covered by alluvial soil.Therefore, the soil texture of topsoil is good for farming. It is should make use of wellirrigation, canal irrigation and sprinkling irrigation. Establishing mating drainagefacility is able to stability of the underground water level.(7) The area locates in thecenter of low-lying land, and black soil exposed above-ground. There is mortar layerin different position of soil profile. The whole soil profile is hardly an impermeablebarrier, so scientific irrigation and drainage measure is very important. It is best tomake use of sprinkling irrigation, and can’t use broad irrigation in case of drownedcrops. Paying attention to rule out the ground water and lowering ground water. |
