The Influence Of Different Crop Rotation On The Environment Of Soil And Physiological Characteristics Of Malus Hupehensis Rehd Seedings

Test started from March2012to December2013in the college of horticulture science of Shandong agricultural university and center of apple engineering technology research foundation. It used continuous cropping from apple orchard soil for25years as object, studying influence of different crop rotation on soil environment of continuous cropping apple orchard and physiological indexes of pingyi sweet tea seedling, to select appropriate rotation plant, to provide basis for preventing and controlling apple continuous cropping obstacle. The results of the study were as follows:1、A year after rotation of the spring Onions, alfalfa, wheat, potatoes, fresh weight on the ground increased significantly, increased by49.70%,49.70%and49.70%respectively; Fresh weight underground after rotation of spring Onions, alfalfa, potatoes, peanuts increased significantly compared with control, respectively increased by76.45%,59.95%,45.17%,48.83%. After rotation of spring Onions, fresh weight on the ground increased by49.7%compared with the control, and fresh weight underground increased by76.5%. After spring Onions rotation fresh weight on the ground significantly increased by40.63%than rotation of peanut. After spring onions rotation, fresh weight underground significantly increased by56.84%compared with rotation peanut. Rotation can significantly increase fresh weight of pingyi sweet tea seedling, plant height, stem diameter based biomass index after engraftment. The effect of spring Onions rotation is most obvious, plant height increased by19.4%, stem diameter increased by27.9%compared with control.2、The effects of different crop rotation on soil organic matter content are different, the content of soil organic matter after rotation of wheat and peanut for a year was significantly higher than continuous cropping, increasing by49.61%and49.61%, respectively. Content of organic matter rotating crop potatoes and Hugh crop reduced compared with the continuous cropping, reduced by8.61%and9.26%respectively, and other treatment had no significant difference compared with continuous cropping; Two years after rotation of spring Onions, wheat crop, content of soil organic matter was significantly higher than that of continuous cropping, increased by37.97%,37.97%and37.97%respectively. Meanwhile content of organic matter after rotating spring Onions for two years soil significantly increased by 36.78%than that of one year. In short, rotation of spring onions and peanuts could significantly increase soil organic matter content.3、After rotation of wheat, peanuts, alfalfa, spring Onions for a year, the content of bacteria in the soil of continuous cropping significantly increased, including wheat and spring onions increased by141.9%and141.9%respectively, rotation of potatoes reduced amount of soil bacteria; Soil fungi amount between different processing performance is different. Compared with continuous cropping, potatoes and alfalfa rotation increased significantly, Hugh crop and spring Onions rotation was significantly reduced by57.9%and57.9%respectively. As can be seen from the number of soil actinomycetes, alfalfa, spring Onions, wheat, stubble, peanut were successively significantly higher than that of continuous cropping. Bacteria in the soil using rotation of spring Onions for two years increased by200.00%contrast to continuous cropping, spring Onions and alfalfa rotation were significantly increased by67.03%,67.03%compared with continuous cropping, content of soil actinomycetes using rotation of alfalfa, potato and wheat was successively higher than that of continuous cropping, increased by82.67%,82.67%and82.67%respectively, content of soil bacteria and fungi are significantly reduced by rotation for two years compared with one year. It can be found that ratio of soil bacteria and fungi by rotation of spring Onions rotation was the highest and significantly higher than that of continuous cropping. Rotation for one increased by289.21%, and rotation two years increased by435.80%contrast to continuous cropping.4、The continuous cropping soil contained high root skin glycosides, after a year rotation treatment root peel glucoside content decreased significantly in the soil, reduced by74.5%～74.5%respectively. Rotation potatoes can significantly increase content of catechin, pomelo, coumaric acid, vanillin, phloroglucinol, p-hydroxy benzoic acid and ferulic acid in the soil. Crop rotation of spring Onions can significantly reduce the amount of phenolic acids in soil, down by45.3%compared with control. Rotation of wheat significantly increased the content of coumaric acid, vanillin, phloroglucinol. Crop rotation peanuts, alfalfa, potatoes, significantly reduce the content of ferulic acid. Total phenolic acids increased by82.9%after the potato rotation. Rotation of peanuts, alfalfa can significantly reduce the amount of matter phenolic acids in soil, was reduced by12.7%and46.4%respectively than control. After two years of crop rotation treatment content of root peel glucoside decreased significantly in the soil, was reduced by54.27%～81.7%respectively, and the soil phloretin content is significantly lower than control, was reduced by2.32%～79.07%respectively. Crop rotation of peanuts, wheat, spring Onions can significantly reduce the amount of phenolic acids in soil, has fallen by64.24%,57.83%and57.59%respectively than control. Rotation two years content and component of phenolic acids after two years of rotation significantly increased, while total phenolic acids declined contrast to in a year.5、Rotation shallow can significantly increase the soil catalase, neutral phosphatase, invertase activity, Respectively increased by168.84%,168.84%and168.84%. Rotation peanuts can significantly increase the activity of soil catalase and sucrase, Significantly increased by103.23%and254.23%. Rotation alfalfa can significantly increase the soil catalase, neutral phosphatase, invertase activity, Increased by64.52%,64.52%and64.52%respectively. Rotation of wheat significantly increased soil invertase activity, increased by248.47%. It can be seen that Crop rotation can significantly increased the soil enzyme activity, Shallow rotation had the most significant treatment effect. Compared with the continuous cropping, rotation shallow can make Malus hupehensis Rehd fresh weight increased by49.7%of the ground, underground fresh weight increased by76.5%.Can significantly increase the Malus hupehensis Rehd root SOD, POD, CAT enzyme activity, Increased by48.12%,58.33%and48.12%respectively.6、Rotation of different plants had different impact on the continuous cropping soil environmental and Malus hupehensis Rehd Seedling root. Rotation shallow can increase soil organic matter content, At the same time increase the soil bacteria/fungi ratio, reduce the total phenolic acids material in the soil, improve the Malus hupehensis Rehd root protective enzyme activity, Increase the ground and underground biomass. From the Angle of rotation control apple continuous cropping obstacle, Rotation shallow is more advantageous to reduce the apple continuous cropping obstacle.