| Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) is an important commercial seawater fish andbe widely farmed. The trails were conducted to investigate the palatability of fishmeal(FM), wheat gluten meal (WGM), pet-food grade poultry by-product meal (PPBM),meat and bone meal (MBM), soybean meal (SBM), peanut meal (PNM), corn glutenmeal (CGM) and water and ethanol soluble extractions from them and blended water-soluble extractions in different proportions for turbot. According to these experimentsresults to study effects of compound proteins replacement of fishmeal in diets ongrowth performance, whole body composition and apparent digestibility coefficientsin turbot. The research contents and results are summarized as follows:1. The palatability of water and ethanol soluble extractions from proteins toturbotThe experiment was to investigate the palatability of water and ethanol solubleextractions from fishmeal (FM), wheat gluten meal (WGM), pet-food grade poultryby-product meal (PPBM), meat and bone meal (MBM), soybean meal (SBM), peanutmeal (PNM), corn gluten meal (CGM), and blended water-soluble extractions indifferent proportions for turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). The fed pelletsformulated with10%extractions with flour as a carrier. Each pellet was randomlyassigned to triplicate216-liter polycarbonate tanks stocked with20fish (averageinitial weight of10.85g). The mean ratio of ingestion (the number of pellets ingested/the number of pellets fed, RI) was computed for as standard to assess thepalatability. Results showed that the water-soluble extract was accounted for7.75±0.03%,0.62±0.06%,7.01±0.02%,5.63±0.08%,5.07±0.02%,3.18±0.12%,4.59±0.04%in weight, respectively for FM, WGM, PPBM, SBM, PNM, CGM andMBM. The extracts from FM, WGM and PPBM showed high palatability and theirRIs were near to1. SBM, PNM and MBM extracts showed medial palatability, whileCGM extracts showed almost no ingestion by turbot. The palatability of ethanolsoluble extractions was poor compared to water soluble extractions. Overall, thepalatability of water and ethanol soluble extractions were FM> PPBM> WGM>SBM> PNM> MBM> CGM, and FM> PPBM> MBM> WGM> SBM> PNM>CGM respectively. Different combinations led to remarkably different palatabilities.Their RIs tested were ranged from0.22±0.04～0.94±0.03.2. The palatability of proteins to turbotThe experiment was conducted to investigate the palatability of fishmeal (FM),wheat gluten meal (WGM), pet-food grade poultry by-product meal (PPBM), meatand bone meal (MBM), soybean meal (SBM), peanut meal (PNM), corn gluten meal(CGM), and blended proteins in different proportions for turbot (Scophthalmusmaximus L.). The fed pellets formulated with70%protein,28%flour as a carrier and2%sodium alginate as binder. Each pellet was randomly assigned to triplicate216-liter polycarbonate tanks stocked with20fish (average initial weight of10.85g). Themean ratio of ingestion (the number of pellets ingested/the number of pellets fed, RI)was computed for as standard to assess the palatability. Results showed that turbotpreferred the FM and PPBM, while no-preferred the CGM. The palatability ofproteins was inferior to water soluble extraction. Overall, these results confirmed thatthe poor palatability of non-fish meal protein sources was attributed to many factors. Many anorexic substances exist in ingredients except for attractants. The palatabilityof single protein was FM> PPBM> MBM> SBM> WGM> PNM> CGM.3. Compound proteins replacement of fishmeal in diets for juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.): effects on growth performance, whole bodycomposition and apparent digestibility coefficientsA9-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of using a mixture ofwheat gluten meal, pet-food grade poultry by-product meal, defatted meat and bonemeal, corn gluten meal with1:6:1:2to partially replace fishmeal on growthperformance, whole body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients ofjuvenile turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic dietswere formulated by replacing0%(CON),35%(FM35),50%(FM50),65%(FM65),80%(FM80) fishmeal, respectively. The growth trial was conducted with fish, initialweight (8.63±0.01)g, stocked in triplicate in216-l polycarbonate tanks. Results of thestudy indicated that the final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feedefficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio of FM35had no significant differencecompared with CON (P>0.05). These parameters of the other replacement groupswere significantly decreased (P<0.05). The whole body protein of FM35wassignificantly higher (P<0.05) than CON. No difference were found in the whole bodylipid and ash of all replacement groups were comparable with CON (P>0.05). Theapparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein were significantly lower(P<0.05) compared with CON. Overall, according to growth parameters and wholebody composition, the compound proteins can replace fishmeal35%～50%.4. Compound animal and plant proteins replacement of fishmeal in diets forjuvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.): effects on growth performance,whole body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients A9-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of using a mixture ofwheat gluten meal, pet-food grade poultry by-product meal, defatted meat and bonemeal, soybean meal and corn gluten meal to partially replace fishmeal on growthperformance, whole body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients ofjuvenile turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L., initial weight (8.63±0.01) g. Fiveisonitrogenous (52%crude protein) and isoenergetic (19KJ/g gross energy) dietswere formulated by replacing0%(CON),35%(FM35),50%(FM50),65%(FM65),80%(FM80) fishmeal, respectively. Results of the study indicated that the final bodyweight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate in all replacement groups weresignificantly lower compared to CON (P<0.05). Feed intake and survival rate ofturbot had no significant differences in all treatments (P>0.05). Feed efficiency rateand protein efficiency rate in replacement treatments were decreased with thereplacement level increase. Feed efficiency rate of FM65and FM80and proteinefficiency rate of FM80significantly lower than CON (P<0.05). The blend proteinssubstituted fishmeal having no influence on moisture, crude protein and crude lipid(P>0.05), however, the ash of all treatments were significantly higher than CON(P<0.05). Except for the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter of FM35hadno significant difference compared with CON (P>0.05), the other replacement groupsin apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein were significantlydecreased (P<0.05). The test showed that the compound proteins with proportiongotten from palatability to replace fishmeal had a certain effect on growthperformance, whole body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients ofjuvenile turbot. Based on these parameters, the level of substitute fishmeal withcompound proteins should be less than35%. Therefore, not only improve the feed palatability, but also pay attention to improving protein utilization in the future study. |
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