| KiRin chicken is an original breed with frizzled feather in westen of GuangDongProvince, Due to the frizzled feather,some of skin was outside, it good to adapt to thelocal environment of high temperature, it is important significance to breed anti-heatstress chickens. But lack of long study and germplasm breeding, this breed can notformation of large-scale and make a difference.In this study, breed characteristics of KiRin chicken with body size, carcass traits,meat quality, biochemical and physiological indices of blood and eggs quality werestudied. We compared the microstructure and the development of feather follicle betweenfrizzled feather and plain feather by microscopic section technology. In addition to that,we cloned and analyzed KRT75gene genetic characteristics, expression during theformation of feather follicle and bioinformatics research.the results showed that:(1) KiRin chicken early growth speed was fast, growth rate of male was higher thanfemale.At16weeks, the body weight, F/G of male and female were1646.10g and1290.81g,3.31and3.75, the growth curve could fitted by Gompertz model（R2=0.999）,the male and female chickens’ inflection body weight and age fitted by Gompertz modelwere1067.71g and716.11g,8.4week and7.15week respectively.(2) The male and female of KiRin chicken carcass percentage were91.19%and90.40%, percentage of half-eviscerated yield were84.88%and83.41%, percentage ofeviscerated yield were66.30%and63.67%, the rate of breast muscle and leg musclewere24.61%,22.87%and24.61%,22.87%, the rate of abdominal fat in famle andfemale2.70%and5.39%at age of16weeks. Correlation analysis indicated that all thebody size traits were extremely significant correlation between carcass teaits(P<0.01),the weight of abdominal fat were significant negative correlation between phalanxlength(P<0.05). the pH of breast muscle and leg muscle were6.08and6.39, the meatcolor (L*, a*, b*) were（4.48,13.11,54.43）and（12.27,9.61,46.17）, the tendernesswere2.73kg and3.57kg, the density of muscle fiber were607.85±150.24trichomes/mm2and639.06±67.86trichomes/mm2, the diameter of muscle fiber were24.57±1.06um and25.51±2.83um.(3) The respiratory rate, WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT of male were higher than female, and other physical signs lower than female. The HGB of male were significantly higherthan female (P<0.05), the HCT extreme significantly lower than female（P<0.01）. TheCHE, MBCK, LDH of male KiRin chicken significantly higher than female（P<0.05）,the ALP extreme significantly higher than female（P<0.01）at age of16weeks.(4) The egg-shaped index, shell color, shell thickness, eggshell strength, egg weight,rate of Egg yolk and egg white, heighet of egg white, yolk color, haugh unit were1.32,52.85%,0.43mm,4.14kg/cm2,47.39g,55%,3.85cm,5.59,63.26respectively at egg40weeks of KiRin chicken, the egg-shaped index and rate of Egg yolk and egg white of40weeks were significantly higher than age at first egg（P<0.05）, shell color, shell thickness,egg weight of40weeks were significantly higher than age at first egg(P<0.01), but yolkcolor were significantly lower than age at first egg（P<0.01）。(5) The frizzled feather rachis curved outward, barbules cannot hooked together toform a closed feather; the development of the frizzled feathe follicle can be divide intotwo stages, early change process(E8-11) and late change process(E12-16), there weresome differences in the medulla and between frizzled feather and normal one from E12to E15, after hatch, the frizzled feather had the maximum curve at5weeks.(6) The length of cDS was1569bp of KiRin KRT75gene, coding522amino acid,enconding product main consist of α-keratin, noβ-sheet and had one transmembraneregion, the KRT75was hydrophilic protein；No69bp deletion mututation was detected inCDS region, But three SNPs (954bp: T>C;967bp: T>C;978bp: C>T)were foundcompared KiRin chicken with Princess chicken. KRT75gene was highly expressed infrizzled feather follicle from E9to E17, especially from E12to E15,it might effectmedulla and barb ridge region; Frizzled feather of KiRin Chicken were not caused by69bp detection mutation of KRT75gene. The three SNPs (955bp: T>C;967bp: T>C;978bp: C>T)could be used as molecular markers in distinguishing frizzled and plainfeathers. |
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