| The value of forest ecosystem is an important part of what support life on earth,and the basic elements of the socio-economic development and environmentalsustainability. The value of forest ecosystem is a quantitative estimation to ecosystem,not only the quantitative evaluation of the ecological systems from an economic point ofview, also can cause more and more people make great attention to the value of forestecosystem, so as to achieve the effects to enhance our forest protection awareness.The three gorges reservoir area (Chongqing section) were selected as the studyarea. This study based on the GIS technology, data from usage of different types of land,meteorological data, DEM data and statistical data, etc. Water conservation, soil andwater conservation, fixed carbon dioxide and release oxygen and air purification theforest ecological benefits indicators f the three gorges reservoir area of Chongqing city.We used these four index to estimate the forest ecological benefits and analyzed theforest ecological benefits of spatial and temporal variability of the study area. The mainconclusions are:First of all, this article analyzes and studies the value of forest ecological benefitsconstitute and eventually find that there is a relatively large difference between theforest ecological benefit and the different contribution rates of different forestecological benefits. The benefit of fixed carbon dioxide and release oxygen is themaximum, followed by water conservation, air purification and soil and waterconservation. There are large differences between the forest ecological benefit of thedifferent forest types. The maximum value of forest ecological benefits of per unit areais the coniferous forest, followed by shrubs, broad-leaved forest, mixed conifer andother woodland. Further analysis has shown that the contribution rate of the valuecomposition of the forest ecological benefit is: produce oxygen>absorb carbondioxide>block dust>regulation of water>maintain soil fertility>waterpurification>reduce soil erosion>absorption of sulfur dioxide>reduce siltation.Secondly, we analyzed the time effect of forest ecological benefit. The conclusionsis: forest ecological benefits of the study area has decreased from2000to2005by 0.49×108yuan, while increased from2005to2010by0.01×108yuan during the fiveyears. Howeverthe whole the forest ecological benefit is declining from2000to2010.For certain forest ecological benefits, all the benefits has increased with differentdegrees except the water conservation.Thirdly, we analyzed the space characteristics of forest ecological benefit. Theresults show that the forest ecological benefits in the study area is uneven distribution inspatial distribution and there are some differences between regions. The magnitude offorest ecological benefits and the size of the forest area in a region have the same trendbut not consistent. Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve in Beibei district, Simian MountainNature reserve in Jiangjin and Liziping Nature Reserve in Wushan have high value offorest ecological benefits in the study area. At the same time, the low value areas offorest ecological benefits are mainly in urban Chongqing such as Changshou district,Fengdu district, Fuling district and Jiangjin. The ecological benefits of forest areabetween high value and low value areas are mainly in head area and central region ofthe three gorges reservoir area (Chongqing section).At last, the work shows that forest ecological benefits are some differences in thespatial distribution and are the first decline after rising trend in time. The contribution ofecological benefits of forest type is different because of a certain correlation betweenforest ecological benefits and forest area, vegetation type, rainfall and climateconditions, etc. In this study, we have demonstrated that forest ecological benefits canbe achieved in limiting conditions and provides the basis for maximize the ecologicalbenefits of forest and it could also provide a basis for improvement of forest ecologicalcompensation, mobilize the enthusiasm of humanity to protect forest ecosystems inorder to achieve sustainable socio-economic development and nature resources. |
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