Phosphorus is involved in multiple biochemical processes of soybean plants in different forms. While phosphorus can promote absorption and utilization of other nutrients, therefore phosphorus plays an irreplaceable role in natural growth and development of soybean plants. The experiment was conducted in2012-2013, using frame tests (pot without bottom) and sand culture. Sand culture experiment was divided into phosphorus deficiency stress test and variable phosphorus test by changing of phosphorus nutrition levels at different growth stages. In frame experiment,the available phosphorus content in soil was30mg/kg and10mg/kg respectively, set four treatments with no phosphorus fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer process, applied BD5. SN28, HH43, HN48and HF55. The rule of absorption, accumulation, distribution and transfer of phosphorus, yield and grain quality of soybean was researched systematically. The results showed that:Phosphorus content in leaves and petioles presented a single peak curve in soybean growth period, which achieved peak at R1; Phosphorus content in roots and stems presented a bimodal curve, and two peaks appeared at R1and R6stage; the phosphorus content in pods continued to rise since the beginning pod, the highest value was achieved at R8.The accumulation of phosphorus in vegetative organs of soybean presented a single peak curve, which started to slow down at V3-R2there was a rapid accumulation at R2-R5, the peak appeared at R6, then the accumulation of phosphorus declined rapidly. The accumulation of phosphorus in pods increased slowly at R4-R6, there was a rapid accumulation at R6, and the maximum was achieved at Rg.The accumulation center of phosphorus in soybean plants were leaves before R4, the phosphorus accumulation in leaves accounted for the proportion of the total amount of the whole plant was between44.5%-56.2%. The pods became new center of phosphorus accumulation after R5, the phosphorus accumulation in pods accounted for the proportion of the total amount of the whole plant was between81.4%-85.0%.By the process of development from V3to R1, phosphorus in leaves shifted outwards, which leaves grew from young to mature in order to meet new shoots, leaves and roots growing need for phosphorus. By the process of development from R1to R3, phosphorus in leaves shifted outwards, which leaves were mature and shifted from young to mature to meet new organs growing need for phosphorus. By the process of development from R3to R6, phosphorus in nutritional organs shifted outwards which ensured phosphorus needs for the growth and development of the pod. There was significant effect of changes in the level of phosphorus nutrient on soybean plants phosphorus accumulation and distribution. Soybean plant phosphorus accumulation of P1treatment was391mg/pot and soybean plant phosphorus accumulation of P31treatment was988mg/pot, the former was obviously lower than the latter. Grain phosphorus accumulation of P, treatment accounts for79%of the whole plant phosphorus accumulation and which of P31treatment accounts for49%of the whole plant phosphorus accumulation, the former was obviously higher than the latter. The longer time of P1treatment, the higher grain phosphorus accumulation accounted for the proportion of the total amount of the whole plant in increasing P content test. The longer time of P31treatment, the lower grain phosphorus accumulation accounted for the proportion of the total amount of the whole plant in descending P content test. The result showed that the higher level of phosphorus nutrition, the less phosphorus was transferred to grain and the lower level of phosphorus nutrition, the more phosphorus was transferred to grain.Changes in the level of phosphorus nutrition had a significant effect on yield, fat and protein. P1treatment had about82.9%as much yield as P31treatment, fat and protein is76.2%and72.1%respectively; In increasing P content test, the longer time of P1treatment, the lower yield of soybean, fat and protein. In descending P content test, the longer time of P3) treatment, the higher yield of soybean, fat and protein. The result showed that in early growth stage of soybean sufficient phosphorus nutrition increased yield and lack of phosphorus nutrition early, applying adequate phosphorus in late showed compensative effect.There was significant effect of phosphorus nutrient on phosphorus accumulation, yield and quality with different soil available phosphorus content and character in soil. At the level of10mg/kg of soil available phosphorus content, the yield of HN48, HF55, SN28, HH43and BD5in P fertilization treatments increased by85%,63.6%,49.7%,10.1%,3.8%than that of non-P fertilization treatments. At the level of30mg/kg of soil available phosphorus content, the yield of HN48, HF55, SN28, HH43and BD5in P fertilization treatments increased by10.4%ã€64.2%,48.1%ã€82.3%ã€22.7%than that of non-P fertilization treatments. Phosphate fertilizer application can increase yield of soybean, the yield of HH43, HN48and HF55in P fertilization treatments were higher than that of non-P fertilization treatments obviously. Application of P fertilizer could increase fat content of soybean seed, but there was no obvious influence on protein content. |