Preliminary Studies On The Characteristics And Utilizations Of Intercropping Resources In The Whole Cycle Intercropping Rubber Plantation

The whole cycle intercropping rubber plantation model that proposed which is a new solution to the problem of intercropping for a long-term in adult rubber plantation. Previous studies have shown that the whole cycle intercropping rubber plantation could be allowed intercropping some crops for a long-term. In order to develop the intercropping utilization technology in the whole cycle intercropping rubber plantation, the characteristics and utilizations of intercropping resources in the whole cycle intercropping rubber plantation were studied.The results as follows:1. The whole cycle intercropping rubber plantation was established with the new variety’Reyan7-20-59’of rubber tree, which is according to the planting form of20m wide row,4m narrow row and2m spacing for the rubber tree. The time of illumination(sunlight) in the big row of12a old rubber plation(20m, direction of planting row was nearly north-south) was2.88-4.21hours per day,the longest time of the location was in the middle of the row, and it’s reduce closed to the rubber tree, the change of diurnal variation is single peak type, the light intensity variation is similar to the time of illumination.The the highest (76.22%) light transmittance was in the middle of the row, the lowest (37.33%) light transmittance is closed to rubber tree, the change trend was similar to the time of illumination too.The light conditions in the rubber plantation which meet the basic requirement for the growth and development of some crops.2. The live root biomass, length and surface area of root were least which in different position of the middle row in the whole cycle intercropping rubber plantation, that was the middle position of4m wide area had almost no rubber tree root; and they were increased closed to the rubber tree, they were higher in0-20cm soil laye r than that in20-40cm soil layer in big row of the different positions, the rubber plantation could provide about50%land for intercropping production.3. The rubber plantation could provide about50%land for intercropping peanut, jicamas, stylosanthes and maize, the yield of peanut, jicamas, stylosanthes and maize reached up to1756.99kg/hm2,19800.01kg/hm2,26885.71kg/hm2,2494.29kg/hm2respectively, which is equivalent to77.53%,72.09%,54.50%and49.29%of the yield respectively as for monocropped peanut, jicamas, stylosanthes and maize.4. The yield of the same crop that located at different position in the whole cycle intercropping rubber plantation is various, the highest yield took place in the middle position of the big row. The peanuts could get the high yields which were intercropped at the middle position of the6m wide in the big row; the jicamas can get the high yields which is intercropped at the middle position of the8m wide in the big row; the stylosanthes can get the high yields which is intercropped at the middle position of the4m wide in the big row; the maize can get the high yields which is intercropped at the middle position of the4m wide in the big row.5. After intercropping peanut, jicamas, stylosanthes and maize in the whole cycle intercropping rubber plantation, compared with non-intercropping rubber plantation, dry rubber content, average every knife yield of dry rubber and yield of per unit area were not significantly different, intercropping does not significantly affect the yield of rubber tree.6. The soil nutrient content and pH at0-20cm and20-40cm soil layer in the whole cycle intercropping rubber plantation after intercropping peanut, jicamas, stylosanthes and maize were affected to some degree. Intercropping jicamas reduced row soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter content and pH value; intercropping stylosanthes increased row soil available nitrogen, available potassium and organic matter while increased the content of available phosphorus and pH value; intercropping maize reduced row soil available nitrogen, increased the available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter. While reduced the pH value at the0-20cm soil layer, and increased at the20-40cm soil layer; intercropping peanut reduced row soil available nitrogen, increased the available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter. While increased the pH value at the0-20cm soil layer and reduced at the20-40cm soil layer.7. After intercropping peanut, jicamas, stylosanthes and maize in the whole cycle intercropping rubber plantation, the economic benefits increased among which the highest benefit occurred while intercropping pachyrhizus (an increase of194.95%, equivalent to26589.85yuan/hm2), followed by intercropping maize (an increase of144.82%, equivalent to5140.46yuan/hm2), intercropping stylosanthes (an increase of68.15%, equivalent to16888.01yuan/hm2) and intercropping peanut (an increase of29.15%, equivalent to3065.04yuan/hm2).The results showed that there were still had better light conditions and land space which few water and nutrient competition in the big row of the whole cycle intercropping rubber plantation during it’s growth period, it’s suitable for intercropping some shade tolerant crops, the intercroping pattern of rubber/jicama and rubber/maize were batter.