Quantitative Analysis Of Sambucus Williamsii Survival Community In Shanxi Province

Base on quadrat, six sites are as sample plots for research,including Xingtang Temple and Qili Valley of Taiyue Mountains,Mount Lishan, Mount Hengshan, Mount Wutai and Mount Yunqiu ofLvliang Mountains. This paper adopts different quantitative ecologyresearch of Sambucus Williamsii survival community in ShanxiProvince and focuses on classification and ordination, diversities ofspecies, interspecific relationship and ecological niche ofcommunities. The results are show as followings.(1) Quantitative classification adopts TWNISPAN and13typesof community are marked off; in view of ordination axis by DCA, thefirst axis has showed the lighting conditions of habitats in everyplant community which indicates that the light intensity isgradually strengthened from left to right and the environment ofcommunity transits from shady slope to half shady slope and then to sunny slope, the second axis basically reflects the soil humidity ofhabitats in every plant community which shows that soil humiditydecreases from top to bottom, the diagonal of DCA ordinationdiagram shows changes of plant community and the litter layercoverage; the first axis of CCA mainly reflects changes of altitudeand total potassium, it indicates that total potassium contentreduces when altitude become lower from left to right, the secondaxis of CCA mainly reflects that pH value gradually decreases fromtop to bottom. On the whole, altitude, total potassium and pH valuehave the most impact on distribution of quadrats.(2) The changing trend of abundance index is consistent withthat of evenness index of communities, while the changing trend ofSimpson index (λ) is obviously opposite to that of Shannon-Wieneindex (H); correlation analysis on diversity index of species ofcommunities shows that there are significant correlations amongabundance, diversity and evenness indexes, in addition, there isalso significant correlation between abundance and diversityindexes, Pielou index stands for evenness and it has significantcorrelation with abundance index and other types of diversity index,while Alatalo index has little to do with abundance index; varianceanalysis on diversity index of species in13communities shows thatno significant difference is found in Simpson index, Pielo evenness index and Alatalo evenness index (P>0.05), in addition, there issignificant difference in Patrick abundance index, Margalefabundance index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index (P<0.05);based on correlation analysis between diversity index of speciesand environmental factors, there is significant positive correlationbetween abundance index of species and pH value and availablenitrogen, and there is highly significant positive correlationbetween abundance index of species and total potassium, there issignificant negative correlation between abundance index ofspecies and slope gradient, Simpson index has significant positivecorrelation with slope aspect, Shannon-wiener has significantpositive correlation with total potassium which evenness index justhas negative correlation with slope aspect; by means of stepwiseregression analysis between diversity index and environmentalfactors, there is positive correlation between abundance index ofspecies total potassium and pH value.(3) In view of2×2contingency table, some quantitative analysismethods such as variance ratio method, chi-square test, Pearsoncorrelation coefficient and Spearman rank correlation coefficienttest are used to do interspecific correlation analysis of survivalcommunities of Sambucus Williamsii community in Shanxi Province.Analysis on overall correlation has showed that there is no correlation among dominant species and distribution of species isrelatively independent in those four main distribution areas;according to results from chi-square test, among35dominantspecies in Mount Taiyue, there are239species-pairs show positivecorrelation and349specie-pairs show negative correlation amongall595species-pairs, the ratio of positive and negative correlationis0.68, Mount Lishan contains29dominant species, and there are181species-pairs show positive correlation while218species-pairshave negative correlation among all406species-pairs, the ratio ofpositive and negative correlation is0.83, Mount Hengshan owns27dominant species, there are144species-pairs show positivecorrelation and207species-pairs show negative correlation amongall351species-pairs, the ratio of positive and negative correlationis0.70, Mount Wutai has24dominant species in total, and there are146species-pairs are positively correlated while130species-pairsare negatively correlated among all276species-pairs, the ratio ofpositive and negative correlation is1.12; with regard to Pearsoncorrelation coefficient, among all595species-pairs in Mount Taiyue,there are174species-pairs are positively correlated and421species-pairs are negatively correlated, the ratio of positive andnegative correlation is0.41, among406species-pairs in MountLishan,152species-pairs show positive correlation and254 species-pairs show negative correlation, the ratio of positive andnegative correlation is0.60, in Mount Hengshan, there are351species-pairs, and129species-pairs show positive correlationwhile222of them show negative correlation, the ratio of positiveand negative correlation is0.58, Mount Wutai owns276species-pairs, among all these species-pairs, there are122of themshow positive correlation and154show negative correlation, theratio of positive and negative correlation is0.79; as for Spearmanrank correlation coefficient test, there are218species-pairs havingpositive correlation and377having negative correlation among all595species-pairs in Mount Taiyue, the ratio of positive andnegative correlation is0.58, in406species-pairs of Mount Lishan,there are171species-pairs show positive correlation while377species-pairs show negative correlation, the ratio of positive andnegative correlation is0.73, Mount Hengshan has351species-pairs,while there are134species-pairs having positive correlation and217species-pairs having negative correlation, the ratio of positiveand negative correlation is0.62, Mount Hengshan possesses276species-pairs and116of them have positive correlation while160ofthem have negative correlation, the ratio of positive and negativecorrelation is0.73.(4) By use of Levins niche breadth and Pianka niche overlap index, ecological niche characteristics of dominant species insurvival communities of are received Sambucus Williamsiicommunity are received from5kinds of environmental resourcedimension, that is, pH value, organic matter, total phosphorus, totalpotassium and available nitrogen. Dominant species in survivalcommunities of Sambucus Williamsii community differ in adaptivecapacity, adaptive capacity has immediate impact on ecologicalamplitude of Sambucus Williamsii community, different specieshave different niche breadth for the same environmental resourcedimension, while same specie also has different niche breadth fordifferent environmental resource dimensions, besides, all dominantspecies for every environmental resource dimension show thewider niche breadth, with regard to distribution of niche breadth fordominant species based on different environmental resourcedimensions, pH value has relatively great impact on distribution ofdominant species in survival communities of Sambucus Williamsiicommunity; based on the research, the wider the niche breadth, thegreater the niche overlap, according to the analysis on nicheoverlap index, different overlap degrees are shown betweendominant species based on different environmental resourcedimensions, this case is more dependent on the differences inadaptive capacity of species’ biological property to environment and heterogeneity of sampling environment.The research indicates that Sambucus williamsii Survivalcommunity has not achieved a stable state yet and it is still in thestage of development and succession, thus susceptible to externalinterference. The quadrat of Sambucus williamsii in the survey isdistributed in various places in Shanxi, so the space span is large.There are differences in community composition, habitat ofdistribution area and species, resulting in significant differences inrichness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The Sambucuswilliamsii Survival community is mainly located in the medium tohigh altitude areas in Shanxi. Thanks to the good habitat conditions,the species diversity index is relatively high. This may beconnected with more anthropogenic interference in the low altitude.It is also found in the survey that Sambucus williamsii mostly growson gentle slope that faces the sun or half faces the sun, claimingrelatively abundant lighting. In wet environments, there alsodistributes a small amount of Sambucus williamsii, but they don’tgrow well; after a comparative study of the ecological niche ofdominant species in the various gradient, it reveals that pHresource plays a relatively large role in the distribution of dominantspecies of Sambucus williamsii Survival community. The neededsoil condition for the growth of Sambucus williamsii is inclined to alkaline and it is sensitive towards the potassium content.