Study On Polarization Scattering Characteristics Of Typical Space Material

With the rapid development of space technology, the space target detection and recognition becomes particularly important. Since light signal detection is direct and accurate, target detection and recognition by using the way of light scattering characteristic has been taken more and more seriously in recent years. Compared with the traditional methods of light intensity detection, the information contained in the polarization scattering properties is more comprehensive. The polarized light scattering technology has higher efficiency and better applicability than the intensity detection and is not affected by temperature factors. It has been widely used in many fields such as target identification, biomedicine, polarization remote sensing and imaging.In order to study the influence factors of typical space material polarization scattering characteristics, the paper systematically studied the influence on each component of Mueller matrix caused by surface roughness of the material and the scattering angle on the basis of consulting a large number of domestic and foreign literature. The concrete research content is as follows:First of all, this paper researches the typical method of characterization of polarized light starting from the basic theory of polarized light. The paper introduces Jones matrix and Mueller matrix which are used to describe polarized optical system and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods. This paper derived the relationship between Jones matrix and Mueller matrix in the depolarization optical system. Mueller matrix is based on the polarization of light and does not depend on the electromagnetic theory. It’s simple and intuitive, so the article uses Mueller matrix to describe the polarization scattering properties of targets. The method of using Fourier decomposition method based on rotating wave plate to measure Mueller matrix of the sample, according to which the Mueller matrix measurement system is designed, is introduced in detail. The paper corrects the calculation method of Mueller matrix through the measuring Mueller matrix of the air and analyzes the influence caused by system error on measurement results.Secondly, this paper revealed the structure of the p BRDF of aluminum alloy plate through simulating the specular components based on microfacet model. The paper shows extreme value distribution of the p BRDF components in the Cartesian rectangular coordinate system. Then analyzes the relationship between the main component of the Mueller matrix and the scattering angle and get the relationship between each component of the Mueller matrix of isotropic metal surfaces, which provide theoretical basis for experimental results.Finally, the paper uses the Mueller matrix measurement system to measure the Mueller matrix of three pieces of aluminum alloy plate which have different roughness when the incident angle is 45 degrees and the scattering angle is between 30 degrees and 60 degrees. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of numerical simulation results. Then analyzes the change tendency of each component of samples Mueller matrix with scattering angle. At last, the paper investigates the influence of material roughness on the depolarization.