Study On The Polarization Effect Of Urbanization In Yunnan Province

Polarization effects was firstly proposed by American economist named A.Hirschman, it mainly refers to when a region becomes a growth pole compared to other regions, the process that the growth pole pull capital, technology, population, employment, markets and other economic activities quickly in local and surroundings. And also the industry and factors of production tend to it. The polarization effects of urban employment refers to the process of urbanization development, due to the agglomeration effects of town, the primary industry divert to the second and third industry, a large number of working-age population tend to town, the attractive and driving force of urban to employment make it to become the growth pole of employment in a region.Between 1978-2012, the rate of China’s urbanization increased from 17.9% to 52.6%,a total of 34.7 percent,average annual increased one percentage point. The report of the 18th National People’s Congress had pointed that the only way to promote development and improve living standards is new-type urbanization. and also it noted that new-type urbanization process should pay more attention on "Person". Put "Person" as a basic starting point, from all aspects of employment, living environment to change the Dual Economic Structure and achieve common prosperity. So, the labor’s employment issues become the key point in the process of urbanization. Generally speaking, in the process of urbanization, the city should play the role of growth poles to attract industries and production factors, and then the industries can provide a lot of jobs to improve employment levels. But now, the is a certain gap between the level of urbanization and employment. The development of social and economic in Yunnan province is relatively backward, and have more rural people, the modern industrial development is more slowly than other provinces, and the scale of cities in Yunnan province is smaller than other cities. In recent years, under the leadership of the party and government, the development of urbanization had made some achievements, but it also have some problems. The power to pull the employment is low, the scale of cities is small, the large gap between regional employment polarization and so on. Therefore, a study for the size of urbanization polarization and judge the phase of urbanization, analysis the reasons of the weak driving force, eliminate the barriers of employment. This has a important realistic significance for Yunnan province and similar cities in the whole country to solve the urbanization and employment problems.In this paper, on the basis of spatial economics and urbanization theories,17 cities’relevant data are used, bulid the factors model, Esteban-Ray polarization index and Cluster analysis for the employment polarization effects of urbanization pulling power in Yunnan province. Analysis some problems in the process, and put forward some specific solutions about how to promote the cities’ growth poles effects to pull the employment level.