Wholesale Mall Fire Smoke Movement Control And Evacuation Numerical Test

With the rapid development of economy of China, the situation of building fire has been increasingly becoming serious with the frequent occurrence of mall fire accidents. The large amount of commodities contained, high fire burden, crowded population and great difficulty in evacuation of large-scale wholesale malls will cause heavy losses to both personal safety and public property in case of fire accident. Based on the previous fire accidents of shopping mall, those fires with heavy casualties were accounted for the inadequate facilities for evacuation or inappropriate evacuation. Therefore, the investigation of the rules of evacuation aimed to organize safe evacuation more efficiently owns great significance in eliminating and controlling such building fires.This thesis firstly analyzed the current situations of smoking movement and rules of evacuation both Chinese and abroad and its basic theories. The study aimed to investigate the safe evacuation of a selective large-scale wholesale mall by using numerical simulating methods. Further, the study also explored the development spread of fire smoke and the process of evacuation and discussed its influencing factors.Taking a large wholesale mall as an example, the numerical model was set up to simulate the different fire locations, fire source power and exhaust system with the aim of getting each scenario the fire smoke spread regularity and the concentration field distribution. The results showed that the rules of spread of smoke differed from the fire locations. When the fire was on the ground floor, fire smoke warming grew more rapid and spread faster. It had great impact on the mall. The gas diffusion was more serious. When the fire originated from the atrium, fire smoke spread and accumulated mainly on the top floor which had the greatest impact on the top floor. The danger increased with the fire power which would obviously shorten the available safe egress time. A great improvement in the control of gas temperature and visibility could be achieved by setting the mechanical exhaust system.Established some scenarios of different building structure and different eva cuate ways, simulated, through the simulation results to discuss the influence fac tors of the required safe egress time. We also found that there existed great deficiencies in the design of evacuation exist of this mall, for example, the narrow width of the exist would easily cause crowded population. Meanwhile we put forward some reasonable suggestions on prevention of the fire and construction of safe evacuation for this wholesale mall against the defaults disclosed by our study.For the sake of efficient control of fire smoke and improvement in design of smoke control, evacuation and fire fight, our results of the numeric tests on fire and evacuation of wholesale mall can possibly provide guidance on it.