Pedestrian Evacuation Under Adverse Sight Condition And Setting Method Of Emergency Exits In Pedestrian Walking Facilities

With the accelerating urbanization process of our cities, the urban population and size grow rapidly. The increase of pedestrian’s trip and assembling lead to pedestrians gather in urban transport hub, stadiums, shopping centers and other pedestrian walking facilities. Pedestrian walking facilities have the characteristics of high construction cost, large-scale, distributed huge pedestrian flow, complex space layout, pedestrian emergency evacuation organizational difficulties and so on. Once fire, earthquake and other emergencies happened within pedestrian walking facilities causing power outages, smoke, etc., pedestrians unfamiliar with the internal layout of walking facilities have difficulty in evacuation. Theory of pedestrian evacuation under adverse sight condition plays an important role of guiding pedestrian evacuation. The rationality of exits setting has great effect on evacuation time, degree of congestion, moving distance, the choice of evacuation route as well as the safety and comfort of pedestrian evacuation. Therefore, how to ensure the pedestrian could leave pedestrian walking facilities quickly under adverse sight condition, and how to set the exits in pedestrian walking facility to ensure that pedestrians can evacuate rationally and effective began to cause the extensive concern of society and become research emphasis on pedestrian flow.The method of experiment, computer simulation and theory analysis are used to research pedestrian evacuation under adverse sight condition and exit setting in pedestrian walking facilities. The main contents of this study are as follows:First, observe macroscopic and microscopic behavior characteristics of pedestrians under normal condition and adverse sight condition by organizing pedestrian experiments. Count experimental data to get macro-parameters and micro-parameter.Second, a special technology is introduced to compute the transition payoff in dynamic parameter model to crystallize blind following movement, in which these concepts of choice vector, velocity vector and direction similarity are introduced. Analyze the influencing factors of evacuation time and the number of pedestrian stranded in the evacuation room under adverse sight condition. Analyze the influence of different evacuation strategy on the evacuation process by comparing with random direction-fixed movement model and blind random movement model. Moreover, the extended model with internal layout and heterogeneous movement rules in a room is discussed as possible future directions.Third, analyze the evacuation process and the influence factors of exit setup. Combined with the capacity of pedestrian passing through exit and passageways counted by experiment, put forward the optimization model and method of setting walking facility exits. A computation sample is set on the basis of Beijing Xizhimen subway station, in which some improvement measures are proposed to optimize the layout of exits.