Layout Optimization Of Station Facilities And Evacuation Leaders Based On Analysis Of Traffic Capacity

Due to the advantages of reliability and efficiency, safety and convenience, urban rail transit has been one of the important ways to solve the traffic congestion, and meet the needs of public transport. The urban rail transit faces with the huge challenge because of the increasing public demand and rapid growth of passenger. The passenger carrying capacity of each urban rail transit is different, when passenger flow surges, congestion may occur due to the defective planning design and guiding sign system. Urban rail transit system is a safety critical system. Therefore, it has important implications for the calculation and assessment of passenger carrying capacity of urban rail transit, and the optimization of internal traffic bottleneck points and guiding sign system systems. Based on the pedestrian characteristics, this paper discussed several issues of urban rail transportation transit capacity and emergency evacuation. The main work is as follows:First of all, the research on calculation and assessment of passenger carrying capacity of urban rail transit is launched. A specific investigation in Beijing subway is taken to analyze the operating conditions and the basic characteristics of pedestrian flow of urban rail transit. A computing model based on the urban rail design standards is proposed to calculate the static carrying capacity of urban rail transit, and another model based on the system dynamics is proposed to calculate the dynamic carrying capacity. The simulation results show that the calculation model of the carrying capacity based on the system dynamics are much more coincident with the real situations, and provide theoretical support and practical reference to the design and emergency management.Secondly, the structure optimization of the intersection of pedestrian flow in the urban rail transit is studied. Based on the analysis of pedestrian delay mechanism and influencing factors, a density cusp catastrophe model is established to determine the mutation critical density. An optimization method is proposed to improve average flow velocity by setting obstacles, and computational experiments with crossing pedestrian flow in urban rail transit system is set to verify the availability of the optimization strategy.Finally, the optimal evacuation strategy based on leaders’ location model is designed. The interpersonal communication is taken into consideration, and the leaders’ location model is built aiming at conduct the evacuation with limited evacuation leaders.Then, a Lagrange relaxation algorithm is applied to solve this problem. At last a computational experiment of evacuation in a metro station with this strategy is presented to ascertain the number of leaders and where to locate them. The simulation result verifies that the proposed evacuation strategy can shorten the entire duration and improve the evacuation efficiency as well.