Identifying Gaps Between Services And Travel Needs In Jakarta’s BRT System

Expanding the coverage area of BRT system in Jakarta Metropolitan Area(JMA) to increase the ridership is important for improving TransJakarta effectiveness and performance to solve mobility problem in JMA. However, a fundamental issue for expanding BRT system is to identify the potential travellers to find areas which have great potential travel demand but are not yet sufficiently covered by current BRT system. Based on that issue, the thesis aims to identify gaps between services and travel needs in Jakarta BRT system for commuting trips.Travel need is identified through need index method about assembling transport need indicators for a series of spatial areas and defining a single need score for each areas. SQL and spatial SQL based on ArcGIS are used to extract data, correlation analysis is used to selected transport need indicators, and factor analysis and pairwise comparison method for decision making are used to obtain weights for each need indicators. Infrastructure based accessibility index is used to calculated supply level. Based on supply and needs, two scenarios are generated to compare the current need/supply gaps and the policy intervention gaps.The results shows travel need primarily depends on socio-economic indicators, and is impacted mainly by three social groups: travelling groups, low income social state groups, and social groups with age disadvantage. Furthermore, high needs areas are aggregated around CBD(Central Business District) and industries areas. However, need index based on decision making is generally smaller than need index obtain from factor analysis. For supply level, low supply scores are distributed on the periphery of JMA and Central Jakarta areas. For need and supply gaps, high gap areas are aggregated on the periphery of JMA and CBD and industries areas. Finally, two scenarios of need/supply gaps shows decision making gaps are generally lower than gaps based on factor analysis, and the high gaps areas covered less areas.The results indicate expansion of BRT is guided to periphery of JMA(low supply level) and CBD and industries areas(high need but low supply level), however, expansion based on gaps with policy intervention may cause social inequality due to policy intervention can benefit certain social group but also ignores other social groups at the same time. Furthermore, as socio-economic indicators mainly impact travel need, improvement of traffic mobility will not solely be achieved by expanding TransJakarta, but with measures aimed at reducing inequalities between areas.