Two-objective Optimization Study On Spacing Of Bus Stops By Game Theory

As a service way of the resident trips, public transport transports the residents from onelocation to another location. As the important nodes in the public transport, bus stop is usedfor on or off the buses for the passengers. The rationally design of the bus stop largely affectsthe service quality of public transport. Because of the specific role of the bus stop in publictransport, relevant statistics showed that about20%of the total bus running time will beconsumed in the process of in and out of the bus stops. Therefore, the optimization design ofthe bus stop is the key content to improve the efficiency of public transport. The optimizationdesign of spacing is the most important in the optimization design of bus stop, which has adirect impact on the travel quality and travel experience of residents.Many scholars, at home and abroad had extensive research on the above problem. Thestudy on station spacing optimization by foreign scholars is relatively earlier. In terms ofbuilding optimization model, foreign scholars pursued People-oriented and the benefit of bustravelers were put in the first place. In the models comprehensively considering the operatingcosts of public transport and travelers’ time, travelers’ interests also holds greater weight.Although domestic study on spacing of bus stops optimization started relatively later, thedevelopment pace is fast. The findings in the past few years showed that domestic scholarshad made great progress in the station optimization aspects. Domestic research on the modelsof bus stop spacing optimization is an improvement compared to the abroad. The interests oftravelers and bus companies were comprehensive considered in most cases. In addition, someresearchers took social benefits into account and fully reflected the actively promoted idea ofgreen transportation in recent time.The existing spacing optimization models of bus stops were generally designed withoutconcern for the interaction between bus travelers, only the simple sum of general travel timewere constructed. In practical problems, changes of bus stops spacing are bound to affect thenumber of bus trips travelers; in the same time the change of the quantity of travelers willalso affect the travel experiences. Also, previous studies did not consider the feedback frombus travelers to bus operators when they confirm the distance. In the actual spacing optimization, bus operators can predict the fitness function of bus travelers to the distance inorder to adjust their strategies of the station distance again.Aiming at the existing problems of the distance optimization bus stop, the paper carriedon the following work:First of all, this paper summarizes the research status of previous scholars and constructstwo-objective optimization models of spacing of bus stops, including the constraints andobjective function and the solving of models. In the meantime, the Game Theory is used toconstruct the model to quantify bus traveler’ strategy in the case of different station distance.Simultaneously LOGIT aggregation model is used to quantify the optimal route choice ofresidents. And the effects on travel time from the internal competition of the bus travelers aretaken into account while building the minimal model of generalized travel time of bustravelers. Finally, the two-objective optimization Stackelberg game theory model isconstructed with the shortest travel time as the lower deck objective function and theminimum bus operating cost as the upper deck objective function and transforms the modelinto variational inequality. The Genetic Algorithm is used to solve the model by Matlabsimulation software. The validity and practicability of the model is validated by thecomparison analysis between the final results and the status data.By the relevant research on the optimization of bus stop spacing, the paper hopes toprovide theoretical and technical support for the study of optimization of bus stops spacing,improve the service quality of public transport, reduce travel time of residents, improve thetravel experience and promote the urban development.