| Southwest Karst of China is the world’s most typical subtropical karst, its have some notable features. It has some notable features.It has the largest contiguous distribution,the most ambitious development scale and the most complete form of the type. It has even stand a tapered peak cluster- depressions, valleys and discrete peaks Lin- plain which has tower form, valleys as its main landscape types, most of which are mainly mountainous that is formed by latter type,that karst mountainous southwest.And Guizhou Province is in the heart of the area. Guizhou Province has the most developed and the most largely distributed karst in China,the karst rate has exceeded 70%. Due to the difficulty of water use, economic backwardness and weakness and lack of water conservancy engineering measures,Guizhou Province has projects shortage which cause the lack of water and the issue is particularly prominent. As of 2013,Guizhou Province has 11.56 one million people which have the water shartage. Obviously the development of the karst water resources is urgent. Considering the ecological characteristics of hydrology and water resources features of the karst areas, On the basis of the collection of a large number of literature, The paper draw the following conclusions:① Summarizing the karst water resources development and utilization modes form five type of water source which include rain water and valley slope water, fracture water, cave water and joint water resources. There are the modes in summery:roof harvesting rainwater mode and slope harvesting rainwater mode for collecting rain water; mode of stopped and cited water and mode of building a low dam in the surface river to water storage for slope water and valley water; mode of surrounded and drainaging the spring water, mode of cuting out a tunnel to accumulate water, shallow wells mode and drilling water mode for fissure water;mode of blocking a hole into a reservoir, mode of building a dam in the underground river debouch for water diversion, mode of carrying water form the sinkhole of underground river for cave water; mode of building a low dam in the confluence of the surface and groundwater for water storage, karst depression reservoir mode, surface and underground reservoirs joint development for multiple types of water. In addition to these modes, the small reservoir(tank), ponds, cellars and other collector works extensively in the Karst area application are good and efficiency which can either collect rainwater, also can collect the surface water and groundwater.② Because the information is difficult to obtain, the paper select the karst depression reservoir model(Maguan Reservoir), mode of building a low dam in the surface river to water storage(Qingshan Reservoir) and surface and the underground reservoirs joint development model(Chu Shuidong Reservoir) to analysis benefits. According to t he scientific, systematic, regional and operational principles, selecting eight evaluations from ecological benefit, social and economic benefits and promotional prospects build fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. The index weight is determined by expert advice and entropy method. Evaluation results :ecological benefit order: mode of building a low dam in the surface river to water storage(1)> karst depression reservoir model(0.493)> surface and underground reservoirs joint development model(0.252); socio-economic benefits are: surface water river dams mode(0.649)> surface underground reservoirs joint development model(0.486)> karst depression reservoir model(0.398); promotional prospects make the same score(0.610); three modes comprehensive benefits order: mode of building a low dam in the surface river to water storage(0.726)> karst depression reservoir model(0.470)> surface and underground reservoirs joint development model(0.456). From all aspects of benefits Qingshan Reservoir is the best, Chu Shuidong Reservoir is the worst in the eco-efficiency and comprehensive benefit. |
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