Preparation And Properties Research Of High-performance Aerogel Insulation Materials Via Ambient Pressure Drying

SiO2aerogel is a kind of light nano solid materials which have ultra-low thermalconductivity, ultra-low density, high porosity and high surface area and other characteristics.But the reasons of low strength, brittleness and higher production costs limit it’s used in theconstruction insulation field. For the commonly used insulation materials, the reasons of highthermal conductivity, moisture absorption or poor fire performance limits it’s widespread usein construction field. For the characteristics of SiO2aerogel and common used insulationmaterials. In this paper, TEOS as silicon source, glass wool felt, glass needle felt as areinforcing phase, by sol–gel molding method and ambient pressure drying technology toprepare a series of glass fiber/SiO2aerogel composite materials. By the study of two treatmentmethods, one step of solvent exchange-surface modification processing craft route is confirm.Use the SEM, Hot Disk, TGA, DAS and electronic universal measuring machine to representthe microstructure, thermal conductivity, heat resistance, hydrophobicity and mechanicalproperties.Studies have shown that aerogel composite materials have the properties of low thermalconductivity, high hydrophobicity, high mechanical property and heat resistance performance.Meanwhile, the performance of aerogel composite materials that by multi-step solventexchange surface modification method and one-step solvent exchange surface modification isroughly close. The thermal conductivity of aerogel composite materials by two step of solventexchange-surface modification is0.024W m-1K-1,static contact angle is124o,tensile,compressive and flexural strength rise from0.002,0.011and0.011MPa to0.213,1.474and0.252MPa. For glass needle blanket/SiO2aerogel composite materials， the thermalconductivity is0.025W m-1K-1, static contact angle is112o, tensile, compressive andflexural strength are larger than1MPa. For the different ratio of the modified liquid, the thermal conductivity of aerogelcomposite material still contain0.022W m-1K-1and the Mechanical properties are nearlyequal when the ration of modified liquid from EtOH: TMCS: n-hexane=1:3:26change toEtOH: TMCS: n-hexane=2:2:26. For different quantity of aerogel on the properties ofcomposite materials, the glass wool blanket/SiO2aerogel has the best comprehensiveperformance and economical efficiency when the mass ratio is13%, the thermal conductivityof the composite is0.023W m-1K-1, contact Angle is127°, tensile, compressive and flexuralstrength were0.132,1.563and0.282MPa. In addition, increased the amount of EtOH have noeffect on the thermal conductivity of composite materials and with the increase of the amountof EtOH, the density and mechanical properties of composite materials decreases gradually,when the amount of EtOH is2times than the original ones, its density as low as148kg/m3.