Preparation And Electrochemical Performance Of Hierarchically Porous Carbon Spheres And Its Composites With Aniline-pyrrole Copolymer

With extreme increase of the crises of environment and energy owing to lots of consumption of the traditional fossil energy, the demand of clean energy increases day by day. At the same time, it is a main factor for conversion, storage and use of clean energy to limit the development of clean energy. Supercapacitor is a novel electric energy storage device, which shows ability of efficient conversion, but the shortage of energy storage limits its application in many fields including automotive industries, aerospace and electric devices, etc. Electrode materials play a crucial role in properties of supercapasitors. So, designing and developing high performance electrode materials are the pivotal factor to promote the progress of the supercapacitors.Herein, the composite PAP/HPCSs prepared by porous carbon spheres with anilinepyrrole copolymer is a starting point, aiming to achieve composite materials with excellent electrochemical properties, and electrochemical behavior of the composite materials was studied in details in an acidic electrolyte（aqueous H2SO4 solution）, and the main research results are as follows:1. The hierarchically porous carbon spheres（HPCSs） with micro-meso-macro porous structure, were prepared after emulsification-crosslinking, carbonization, and activation, which the PSD ranges from 100-500 μm and whose BET surface area and pore volume are up to 1974 m2·g-1 and 2.52 cm3·g-1. After investigating the various factors, it was also found that the dosage of Si O₂ played a crucial role in morphology and the pore structure. After characterizing the electrochemical performance in an alkaline solution（aqueous KOH solution）, it was found that the specific capacitance is about 328 F·g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A·g-1, and the capacitance retention of initial specific capacitance is up to 92% after 10000 cycles by an cycling charge/discharge process at a current density of 5 A·g-1 in a three-electrode cell, showing an excellent electrochemical performance. Moreover, the specific capacitance is about 66 F·g-1 at a current density of 0.25 A·g-1, and the energy density is up to 13.2 Wh·kg-1 at a power density of 150.0 W·kg-1 in a two-electrode cell, showing a good electrochemical performance.2. The PAP/HPCSs composites were successfully prepared by controlling various parameters such as polymerization time, the weight ratio of HPCSs and monomers, and the molar ratios of aniline and pyrrole to optimize the best preparation conditions, using an in situ chemical oxidative method. After investigating the electrochemical performance of PAP/HPCSs composites, it was found that the PAP/HPCSs composites showed the good electrochemical performance and electrochemical stability and need to be further enhanced in future work. On the other hand, after contrasting the electrochemical performance of the three materials, including the PAP/HPCSs composites, PAP and HPCSs, it was obviously found that the addition of HPCSs remarkably raised the electrochemical performance of PAP copolymers, especially the enhancement of the electrochemical stability, owing to the synergic effect between the electric double layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance.