Technology And Demonstration Of Low-Carbon Disposal And Cleaning Management On Rural Waste In The Karst Rocky Desertification Area

The rural waste is not only the rubbish but resources. Scientific treatment rural waste in the karst rocky desertification area, which is not only can improve the rural living environment and health, but have positive effect on the rocky desertification control project. The treatment of rural waste in the low-carbon concept, given a new connotation to the rocky desertification control.One hand which cleaning the rural community, creating a good health environment for the Chinese new rural construction. On the other hand, it will reduce carbon dioxide emissions and increase carbon sequestration.With low carbon community construction purposes, promote the implementation of the global carbon sink source reduction target. Through researching rural waste disposal situation,technology and model construction in the Salaxi demonstration area in Bijie city and Huajiang demonstration area in Zhenfen conty. Relying on the national " 12 th Five-Year" science and technology support significant task plan.According to waste disposal principle of " reduction, harmless and resource", ronging into low carbon processing concepts,from 2013 November to 2015 December in the Salaxi demonstration area in Bijie and the Huajiang demonstration area in Guanling and Zhenfeng, adopt the field survey method, experimental method, quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis method, the monitoring of the low carbon technology of pig manure biogas utilization, sheep manure aerobic composting of livestock manure and rural living garbage classification, collection and harmless landfill, and so on. For the demonstration district rural waste treatment status and specific construction waste disposal mode, screening the key technology and innovation in the demonstration area of waste treatment technology and demonstration and analysis of the benefit and promotion.(1) The "three points method" of garbage classification achieved low-carbon rural domestic waste treatment effect, but the "zero pollution" remain to be further study. In the demonstration area to facilitate the garbage with " easy treat- ment" principle, taking the ecological and economic benefits, suitable for rural community development needs, preliminary classification standard the establishment of rural life gar- bage " three points method ". According to the garbage " three parts method " low-carbon rural waste treatment on waste disposal, strengthen the practical operability, adapting the needs of the development of the rural environment, reducing waste emissions, promoting the construction of rural low carbon community in rocky desertification area. But it did not disappear, it only to prevent the pollution of centralized storage of garbage disposal. The best solution is recycled using, the waste has been in resource property, the next stage, our research should be focus on how to make the rural waste treatment to achieve a low carbon target, in all aspects of waste disposal to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.(2) The rural waste low-carbon processing model system which combination biogas and compost have been established.But the system study on the intension of the depth and breadth still need further improvement and development. Combining with the actual needs of agricultural development, we established the rural waste low-carbon treatment mode system, which was comprehensived treatment of biogas technology and composting technology. Low carbon model can deal with livestock manure and biomass waste waste in the community. Most of the liquid waste can enter the biogas fermentation processing, the remaining solid biomass waste can be composted waste processing. Through the construction of low carbon processing system, its effective treatment has been basically demonstration area of livestock manure and crop straw biomass waste.But the system study on the intension of the depth and breadth needed to further improvement and development. The next stage should be focus on how to pass methane ratio of raw materials and improve methane tank body structure to increase the biogas yield. And cinder mixed livestock manure compost on soil pH modified experiment and tobacco straw mixed livestock manure compost experiment.(3)The key technologies, such as the formation of rainwater harvesting type ecological garbage transfer station, the power generation and sterilization garbage bin, in situ sanitary landfill and waste resource utilization. However, the combination application of integration and innovation need to be further study. Set rain type ecological waste transfer station with a garbage classification, solid-liquid separation, cleaning of the pool body, rainwater collection, centralized sewage treatment and other functions, the use of rainwater collection of garbage tank cleaning, reducing the pressure of water in the rural community, reducing the cost of water, suitable for a severe water shortage in karst area of popularization and application.Power generation sterilizing garbage bin, with magnetic power device, make full use of garbage to garbage cover of push pull effect of generate electricity, for the ultraviolet sterilezing lamp.In situ landfill is mainly focused on the white trash and some inorganic waste.Inside the waste resource utilization in community construction resources distribution point, the originally belong to each scattered can use of waste gather together, enhanced waste of internal resources utilization frequency, is conducive to the full realization of the countryside resources waste in the internal digestion and absorb, but also is beneficial to saving the economic cost, so that garbage into resources and generate economic value and social value. Key technology research and development has been used in the demonstration area, can promote the effective treatment of rural waste.(4)Waste disposal demonstration project basically completed, but livestock manure compost and biogas utilization technology to produce organic fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is much lower than that of fertilizer,the fertilizer effect than chemical fertilizer industry and fertilizer, so the biogas maintenance technology needs to be strengthened. Through the "12th Five-Year" in Bijie Salaxi demonstration area built 4 methane tanks, an ecological garbage transfer station, two garbage landfill and a composting experimental field. Biogas digester demonstration households now biogas fermentation treatment of the pig manure, and methane as life energy use; Ecological waste transfer station and waste sanitary landfill site were completed construction, and is equipped with corresponding cleaning tool has been put into use; Composting experiment field has ecological sheep farm produce more than 200 semi fine wool sheep manure as organic fertilizer. Zhenfeng- Guanling Huajiang demonstration area of biogas construction projects in the rock desertification control during the 11 th Five-Year period has been completed 270, breeding poultry farmers are still continuing to use. At the same time, the research group in the ear of the demonstration point of a new ecological waste transfer station, equipped with special cleaning tool to transfer the living garbage, and relying on their own site for composting technology demonstration farm. Through the construction of the above engineering facilities, the construction of two demonstration areas of waste disposal demonstration project basically completed, the basic point of the demonstration of rural waste can be an effective low carbon treatment.(5)The comprehensive benefit of the low carbon treatment of rural waste is significant, but the processing technology model of waste treatment what has been established, it needs to be optimized in the promotion and application. Low carbon treatment of rural waste has social benefits, economic benefits and ecological benefits, including the improvement of the health environment, the increase of the income on rural residents and the reduction of the source of CO2. According to the demonstration of the two demonstration areas of waste disposal, the processing rate in Hanjiachong demonstration point, Xiaxiaozhai demonstration point and Cha’eryan demonstration point was 82%, 95% and 93%, respectively. According to the demonstration area average living garbage output of 0.58 kg/(person a day) to calculated, three demonstration points(312 people) daily treatment of 181 kg of the amount of garbage, one year of the amount of domestic waste treatment is 66050 kg. A mouthful of 8m3 biogas annual gas production is 450m3, the price of the coal in demonstration zone is 1 yuan/kg, according to 1 m3 biogas equivalent 2.484 kg coal computing, demonstration households using biogas in 2010 to generate economic value of 1118 yuan. A mouthful of 8 m3 biogas average carbon emission reduction benefits to 1.10 T/a-1. If Demonstration District, household residents were the construction of biogas digesters, in accordance with the demonstration area of Bijie Salaxi in 2012 has reached 4949 households calculation, Bijie Salaxi demonstration area every year can reduce carbon emissions 5443.9 t. According to a 8m3 methane production of the use of the situation, the annual per mouth methane can save 0.314 hm2 of forest land. Huajiang demonstration area of the existing gas pool 270, one year can save the forest area of 84.78 hm2. The comprehensive benefit of the low carbon treatment of rural waste is significant, and the future development of the rural areas should be strengthened to guide the work of low carbon treatment.