Pollution Characteristics And Ecological Risk Assessment Of Typical Antibiaotics In The Upper Huangpu River

Recent years, antibiotics have been used to prevent and treat diseases in humans and animals and as growth promoters in the animal breeding industry. However, incomplete removal in sewage treatment plant and improper treatment of waste led antibiotics to pollute water through various ways. The antibiotic residue problems have attracted the attention of the academic circles.The upper Huangpu River was taken as object, 18 sampling sites of the three major tributaries and 1 main stream were detected through 1 year to study the content, source, time and spatial distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of 6 kinds of typical antibiotics in the upper Huangpu River.By using solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry to detect the content of six kinds of typical antibiotics. The mean content of tetracycline antibiotics was 34.25ng/L(August 2014) ~ 781.23 ng/L(March 2015), and tetracycline was main antibiotic. The mean content of sulfanilamide groups was 3.11ng/L(October 2015) ~ 22.26ng/L(March 2015), and sulfamethoxazole was main antibiotic. Tetracycline is the main pollutant of all six antibiotics, the highest reached 916.77 ng/L.Through the main cause analysis showed that 3 kinds of sulfa antibiotics were from the same Veterinary drugs. Chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline differed with tetracycline were from the same sources of pollution. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the concentration of tetracycline antibiotics in the upper river was affected by the surrounding pollution sources, but sulfa antibiotics were opposition.Through spatial distribution in wet season and dry season in Huangpu River, the distribution difference of sulfa antibiotics was obvious in wet season. Pollution concentration in tributaries were greater than the mainstream, and the greatest was in Maogang tributary and the least was in Xietang tributary. Down to the lower reaches of Yuanxiejing tributary, the higher concentration of sulfonamides. However, the distribution difference was not obvious in wet season. Tetracycline antibiotics had difference distribution significantly, and were more consistent in wet season and dry season. Pollution concentration in tributaries were greater than the mainstream and the greatest were Maogang and Xietang tributaries. Through the analysis of antibiotics pollution flux, found in wet season three tributaries flux was about 1.37 times greater than the total flux, And was balance in dry season. Xietang branch was main contribution of antibiotics pollution.Tributaries and mainstream time distribution were studied and showed that tetracyclines in three tributaries and mainstream had obvious seasonal variation, which sulfa had not. Through assessing ecological risk. The results showed that the ecological risk in the upper Huangpu River was still in the low to moderate level, chlortetracycline and sulfamethazine had potential ecological risk for algae, and risk quotient value of tetracycline was up to 3.26 which exposed a significant ecological risk.