Preparation And Characterization Of Sn, Ni, Fe Oxide @ Carbon Based Catalysts

Because of its environmentally friendly, combustion performance and other characteristics, biodiesel became the world’s petrochemical alternative energy research hot spot. While the homogeneous acid-base catalyst conversion process of biodiesel had serious product separation difficulties, "three wastes" emissions and equipment corrosion problems, the solid catalyst had mild reaction conditions, reusable, and the advantages of less pollution to the environment, which made it adopted by a growing number of biodiesel preparation technology. This research, hydrothermal and gel spinning method were used to prepare monodisperse carbon sphere and Fe/C carbon fiber carriers, and then these carriers were used to prepare supported solid catalysts by loading Fe, Ni, and Sn’s oxide. First of all, this two kinds of carbon-based catalysts were characterized by means of SEM, XRD and FTIR, and then this two kinds of catalysts used for catalytic cracking of Soybean oil to prepare biodiese, their catalytic performance were detected, the results were as follows:1. Preparation conditions of carbon based carrier:when the glucose concentration was 10%, the reaction temperature was 180℃, the reaction time was 8h, the dispersion of the carbon pellet is better, which is beneficial to the catalyst loading. When the pH value of Gel solution was 6.0, the molar ratio of Fe3+:glucose was 3.0:5.0, air humidity is less than 50%, Fe/C fiber gel precursor fiber’s spinning effect was good. And the specific surface area of Fe/C fiber supported (45.635 Am2·kg-1) was much larger than general solid particle catalysts(2 Am2·kg-1).2. The effects of plasma on carbon sphere carriers catalyst:Low temperature plasma surface treatment didn’t have effect on their structural characterization. Low temperature plasma surface treatment could improve the catalytic activity of two kinds of carbon carrier catalysts, and increase the catalytic efficiency by an average of 5%.3. Catalytic performance of catalysts with different carriers:there were obvious differences between the same carbon carrier loaded different catalysts and different carbon supports loaded same catalyst. The catalytic performance of catalysts with Fe/C fiber as carrier were higher than the catalysts with carbon sphere as carrier. And the catalytic efficiency of SnO2@Fe/C fiber catalyst was the highest (73.56%).4. Catalytic cracking reaction of soybean oil were studied by using SnO2@Fe/C fiber as catalyst, through the single factor experiment analysis, the optimum technological parameters of pyrolysis reaction were:3% of the amount of catalyst (with respect to the quality of soybean oil), reaction temperature of 450℃ and the reaction time of 60min, actual yield of biodiesel were 83.56%.5. The components of biodiesel were analyzed by GC-MS, the product was rich in hydrocarbon compounds, including eleven kinds of alkanes, three kinds of olefins, one kind of acids, and five kinds of aromatic hydrocarbons.In summary, compared with the traditional catalyst, the SnO2@Fe/C fiber catalyst, had a higher catalytic activity. At the same time, the application of cold plasma surface modification technology can significantly improve the activity of the catalyst, which has a good development prospect.