Preparation And Electrochemical Performance Of Lead-Carbon Anode

Lead-carbon battery is a new kind of lead acid battery. This kind of battery is produced by adding carbon materials into the negatives of lead acid battery in different ways. It shows excellent performance when used on the condition of High-Rate Partial-State-of-Charge(HRPSOC) compared with commercial lead-acid batteries, and by means of these advantages, this type of batteries show a huge application prospect in the field of energy storage system,HEV and so on. But there are still many problems to handle as for this new technology, such as the undiscovered mechanisms, hydrogen evolution problems.In this article, in the view of industry application, we have studied influence of carbon types, percentage of added carbon materials.In order to make best use of active carbon and graphite, we have also studied the performance of battery by adding two kinds of carbon into the negative plates, what’s more, the probable mechanisms have been also discussed.Firstly, we have studied the the influence of different carbon on the cycling performance of lead-acid battery under HRPSOC regime when the four types of carbon are respectively added into the negative materials according to 0.5mass%, 1mass%, 1.5mass%, 2mass% of lead oxide.The results indicate that 0.5mass% AC1 improves the life to 4009 times, far longer than the commercial battery whose life is 2097, what’s more, the cycle performance improves as the percentage of mass becomes higher, and the highest cycle number is 8514 times, as for AC2, the battery shows the best cycle performance when added 0.5mass% into the negative materials, what’s worse, the cycle performance will deteriorate when the percentage gets higher, G1 shows the best result in improving the cycle performance, additionally, the cycle performance of battery gets better as the higher percentage, and the highest cycle number is 19742 times, as for G2, the best cycle performance of battery in the four types of percentage is 1mass%, cycle number is 5142 times. So we can conclude that AC1 and G1 are good for lead–carbon study, via the detection by SEM on the cross section of the lead-carbon negative after formation and failure, we can conclude that the addition of active carbon has added the reaction area,and the added graphite has enhanced the conductivity of negative after discharge by forming a conductive network, as a result,these all inhibit the sulfation of negative plates during working on the condition of HRPSOC.Secondly, we mix AC1 and G1 together to study the mixed carbon material’ influence upon the cycle performance, in this method, we control the percentage to 2mass%(AC1+G1) of lead oxide, the mixed carbon material is added into the negative materials by the way of three ratio(AC1:G1=1:3, 1:1, 3:1). The result shows that all of the three ratio can improve the cycle performance of battery, and it shows the best performance when the ratio is 1:3, the corresponding life is 36432 times, the cycle performance is far better than that of commercial battery, by studying of this kind of addition, as the added active carbon has supplied the extra reaction area and the graphite has enhanced the conductivity of negative plate, the two results make the battery show incredible performance.Lastly, we choose the AC1 as the carbon source, by the means of electrodeposition, let Pb deposit on the surface of AC1, as a result, we obtain the Pb/C compound, then we study the cathodic polarization of this kind of compound, the result indicates that this kind of compound shows a lower hydrogen evolution potential compared with the AC1. We also study the influence on the cycle performance of battery when this kind of compound added into the negative materials, from the study, we know that battery whose negative materials contain the Pb/C compound shows better cycle performance when compared with the battery whose negative materials contain AC1 only. The cycle number is 14526 when adding 1mass% Pb/C compound, what’s more, this kind of compound is good for keeping the carbon steady in the battery, so this kind of addition can make the carbon work longer in the negative plates.