The Study On Functional And Nutritional Properties Of Colored Germinated Brown Rice

Germinated brown rice (GBR) is nutritional and health benefits food. We chose white (BP015), red (BP480), and black (BP602) as materials, to investigate the changes of the functional nutrients in GBR, including phenolics, flavonoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and free amino acids (FAAs). We also explored the functional contents variation in GBR while they were treated by anaerobic and gamma-irradiation stress. The main results are listed as follows:1.Dynamic changes of these functional nutrients in the white, red, and black GBR during the first 0-96h germination time:(1) As to free phenolic extracts, the phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH&ABTS) of colored GBR showed a notable decline at the early stage (0～24h), later increased with the process of germinating, while the white GBR showed a constant increasing tendency; the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the bound extracts increased steadily (0-96h), the contents of p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids displayed most pronounced increases with the duration of germination in all of these three GBRs; the maximum TPC of the white, red and black GBR were obtained at the final germination stage (96h), which were 3.1,1.1, and 1.2-flod of their non-germinated counterparts, and the maximum DPPH&ABTS of the total fractions increased by 2.2, 1.1,1.3-fold and 2.4,1.1,1.3-fold, respectively; (2)Most FAAs were steadily increased during germination (0～96h), the top content of GABA and sum contents were obtained at 96h, were 4.7,14.2,6.7-fold, and 14.6,14.4,12.8 times of their corresponding non-germinated counterparts; (3)No significant changes were observed in total tocol, while the individual contents showed noticed alternations. For example, in the white GBR, there was a sharp rise in y-T (from 5.1 to 21.1 μg/g) coupled with a gradual decrease of γ-T3 (from 33.0 to 24.7μg/g); (4) The total anthocyanin content (TAC) declined dramatically and reached the bottom at 60h of germination, from 1.22 to 0.14mg cyaniding-3-glucoside (C3G) equivalent/g, followed by a significant rise at later stages to 0.34mg C3G equivalent/g.2.The changes of the functional nutrients in the white, red, and black GBR after anaerobic treatment:(1)The effective polyphenols and antioxidant capability significantly increased in treated groups, in which the three bound phenolic components, i.e p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids, showed the most pronounced increase; (2)The content of most FAAs increased significantly, especially the GABA content increased with 4.2,9.7, and 4.8-fold, and alanine content with 2.3,6.5, and 2.5-fold, respectively. While the serine and threonine contents kept unchanged, the content of aspartic acid decreased by 75,65, and 69%, and glutamic acid decreased by 30%,18%, and 39%, respectively.3.The changes of the functional nutrients in the white, red, and black GBRs after gamma-irradiation treatment:(1)The effects of polyphenols and antioxidant capability were changed slightly; (2) Notable increase was observed in many FAAs, especially in the colored-GBR, while GABA decreased significantly in the white and black GBR, even though in red GBR, GABA keep constant.