| The processes of coal mining, transportation and coal-burning are the primary source of atmospheric particulate matters, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) inside atmospheric particulate matters seriously harmed to human body. Various PAHs had been identified carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic activity. Combined with the domestic and foreign literatures, atmospheric particulate matter samples in typical coal resource-based city Huainan were collected for four seasons covering six functional zones, i.e. industrial areas, mining areas, commercial areas, educational areas, residential areas and contrast areas. A total of 16 PAHs were measured in PM2.5 by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Simultaneously, health risk assessments were also studied by BEQ. Finally, source identifications were analyzed by diagnostic ratio analysis and principle components analysis. The result indicated as followed.(1)The annual average concentrations of the total PAHs (ΣPAHs) in fine particulate matter(PM2.5), inhalable particles(PM10) and total suspended particles(TSP) respectively were 31.06 ng·m-3,187.63 ng·m-3 and 220.59 ng·m-3, ranging from 16.87～79.56 ng·m-3,147.43～241.23 ng·m-3 and 170.89～285.99 ng·m-3. In general, the pollutions of PAHs in Huainan are serious. The distribution of PAHs in each season was that:the pollutions of PAHs are most serious in winter and slightest in summer, while the pollution levels in spring and autumn are considerable.The distribution of PAHs in each fuctional zone in PM2.5, PM10 and TSP were identical, showed that: mining areas> commercial areas> industrial areas> educational areas> residential areas> contrast areas. The most influential matter particle size to the concentrations of PAHs accompanied by seasons changed was PM2.5, while the impact levels in TSP and PM10 are considerable.The most influential fuctional zone to the concentrations of PAHs accompanied by seasons changed was commercial areas, followed by mining areas, industrial areas and educational areas. The impact of residential areas and contrast areas were least.(2) The composition distribution of PAHs in each fuctional zone in PM2.5, PM10 and TSP were identical, showed that:the main PAHs was 4-ring in all seasons. In addition, the main PAHs were also 4-ring, followed by 3-ring and 5-ring. Percentage of 2-ring and 6-ring were least.(3) The results about PAHs and meteorological conditions showed that, the concentration of PAHs decreases while the temperature increased. When the temperature is lower than 25℃, the concentration of PAHs and wind speed showed negative correlation; when the temperature is higher than 25℃, the correlation between the concentration of PAHs and wind speed were not obvious. When the wind went to the south, the concentration of PAHs focused on 20.32～39.40 ng·m-3,and when the wind went to the northwest, the concentration of PAHs focused on 16.40～24.38 ng·m-3. These data reflected that the background values of PAHs in north were higher than southeast.(4) Health risk assessment analysis (BEQ) suggested that the greatest threat season was spring in PM2.5 whereas the greatest threat season was winter in PM10 and TSP. The largest BEQ in PM2.5 and PMiowas mining areas. The largest BEQ in TSP was commercial areas. The health risk in residential areas and contrast areas are relatively little.(5) PAHs in PM2.5 were mainly influenced by the emission of gasoline or diesel vehicles, coal and biomass combustion and coke volatilization, among which vehicle emissions and coal combustion were the two primary contributors. PAHs in PM10 were mainly influenced by the emission of gasoline or diesel vehicles, coal and biomass combustion, while the difference of contribution rate was little. PAHs in TSP were mainly influenced by the emission of gasoline or diesel vehicles, coal and biomass combustion and coke volatilization, among which vehicle emissions and coal combustion were the two primary contributors. |
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