| Tobacco is one of the most important economic crops in China. At this stage the total number of smokers has reached 0.35 billion in China and about 1 billion in the world, accounted for 35%. In China, tobacco industry is big profits for many years,which is an important source of income of state and local tax. However, we are a big but not powerful country in tobacco industry.Most of our tobacco is on domestic sales, only a small part is exported. Especially, the proportion of exports has been very low. The reason is that there is a gap to the developed countries in cigarette quality, which is mainly manifested in the lower oil content and the higher harmful components in our country. So the eternal theme of tobacco enterprises in our country is to improve the oil content and to reduce the harmful components and improve the the quality of tobacco.Oil is also known as leaf or fat, mainly including fatty acid, ester materials, cembrenediol and glycoside, whose structure and unique components directly reflect the advantages and disadvantages of the quality of tobacco. Meanwhile, the unique flavor and aroma of tobacco and its products were impacted by tobacco oil directly. But such substances in the tobacco are minimal, the composition are complex and varieties are very wide. Researches on oil components would be further deepened. According to the current status of Chinese tobacco, the paper has made following two aspects related to improving work methods and tobacco oil components analysis.The main works of this paper :1. The oils of Henan regional benchmark flue-cured tobacco were extracted by ultrasound soxhlet extractors means, with petroleum ether as solvent, under the conditions of the extraction time of 4h, ultrasonic power 70 W, ultrasonic time 40 min, immersion time(12h), and particle size 40 mesh, the ratio of material to liquid ratio 1:8(g/ml), then were compared the link between the change of extraction rate with the level of tobacco. Next, the samples were detected and analyzed using GC/MS. By this means, the differences between tobacco components and quality were measured. Besides, tobacco samples were analyzed by GC/MS and found the main chemical substances which affect the quality of flue-cured tobacco.2. A kind of whole nutrition liquid type composite leaf fertilizer was developed, according to tobacco nutrition principle and the rule of growth, combined with local soil fertility status, which contained growth regulators special for cigarette. Field experiments were carried out in Luoyang area. The tobacco plant height, stem girth, leaf length, leaf width and the maximum leaf area were measured during 60, 70 and 80 days after transplantation. Among these data, the highest increase of the maximum leaf area was by 69.1%, the lowest was by 14.5%. The chemical components of the flue cured tobacco were analyzed by near infrared spectrometer. The results are as fellows: the total amount of sugar content was increased by 25.2%, the average amount of reducing sugar content was increased by 19.6%, and the total nitrogen content was increased by 15.1%.The promoting effect of foliar fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco was explored.3. Tobacco samples of the leaf fertilizer were extracted and analyzed by Ultrasound Soxhlet Extractor. Then, different tobacco samples were detected and analyzed by means of GC/MS. Next, they were made some researches on tobacco oil major components, such as β-damascenone, cembrenediol, phytol, grease, sterol, terpene and so on, which influenced the quality of cured tobacco.4. By different physical measures such as girdling treatment, root cutting treatment, straw mulching,different contents of potassium and the organic fertilizer treatment, some researches were carried on the content of tobacco oil. Comparisons of the promoting effects of different methods of oil in flue cured tobacco were researched. An effective method to improve the oil content of flue cured tobacco was explored. |
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