| Chrysanthemum coronarium L. is an annual and leafy vegetable in the world belonging to the genus Chrysanthemum of the family Asteraceae,which is used for both medicine and food. Its leaves can be eaten as medicine which can eliminate edema and have effects of recuperation on the stomach and spleen. Its seeds belong to botanical achenes, angled, brown and grain weight 1.5 ~ 2 g. Researches on chemical component indicate C. coronarium. contains various compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, glycerol, phytosterols, alkaloids, heterocyclic compounds, polyacetylene compounds and volatile oil. Among them, flavonoids and phenolic acids are the main chemical compositions in C. coronarium, and they are widely present in the Compositae family. C. coronarium has a variety of biological activities, including antitussive and expectorant, allelopathy, nematicides, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation and free radical scavenging, liver and antibacterial. Flavonoids and phenolic acids are the material basis plays allelopathy and anti-oxidation. In recent years, people have studies of chemical compositions of C. coronarium leaves, while several reseache on C. coronarium seeds has been reported. The study consists of four parts:(1) Total flavonoids from C. coronarium. seeds were extracted by microwave-assisted extraction. On the basis of single factor, mathematical model was established by quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design. The optimal extraction conditio ns were determined as follows: the microwave-assisted extraction temperature 72℃, the ethanol concentration 68%, the ratio of solvent to sample 25 :1, microwave power 500 W, and microwave time 7 min. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the extraction rate of total flavonoids was 3.15%.(2) We got the adsorption capacity 25.5 mg/g by drawing static adsorption kinetics. The best conditions of D101 resin for purification were as follows : concentration of sample solution is 1.0 mg/m L, pH value of it is 4, adsorption flow is 2 BV/h,(ethanol) elution agent concentration is 70% and volume is 3 BV, washing flow is 2 BV/h. The purification system of Grace RevelerisT M has divided total flavonoids into four parts, which each sample volume is 15 m L. It took 80 minutes to finish purifying 500 mg curde flavonoids. The result proved that the holographic and rapid purification chromatography system could separate the flavonoids further and improve purities of components.(3) Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the flavonoids from C. coronarium seeds were carried out on LC-QQQ-MS and Q-TOF LC/MS. Eleven compouds were found including quinic acid(95.0 mg/g), new chlorogenic acid(145.5 mg/g), chlorogenic acid(1693.0 mg/g), caffeic acid(144.5 mg/g), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid(1027.0 mg/g), 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid(1378.5 mg/g), vitexin(145.0 mg/g) and apigenin-7-O-glucoside(184.0 mg/g). Other three were implied as 5- ferulylquinic acid(91.0 mg/g), DCQA isomer1(1031.5 mg/g) and DCQA isomer2(51.0 mg/g).(4) Antioxidant activities of the flavonoids from C. coronarium. seeds were evaluated by chemistry and cell model. They all have shown better effect on total antioxidant capacities, the hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical scavenging experiment and antioxidant capacity in lipid peroxidation system. Especially hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, individual components in the lipid peroxidationsystem also has shown stronger antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid. Toxicity was not detected in RAW264.7 cells at sample concentration between 1.0-500.0 mg/m L. The components could effectively decrease ROS in RAW264.7 cells. |
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