| Serious residual antibiotics caused by livestock and poultry manures are arousing increasingconcern because large amounts of additives are added in forage during intensive animal farming，It is important to develop the technology of antibiotics detection method, investigation, the rule ofreleasing and resource utilization for manure, which can resolve the rural environment problem.In this thesis, lab experiments were carried out to study the detection method of antibiotics, therule releasing of chlorotetracycline. The degradation of ciprofloxacin on composting was alsostudied through compost experiment. The results can provide new technology approach for theresource utilization of compost.1. Determination of antibiotics residues in manure: The residues antibiotics in manure wereextracted with mixture of methanol, acetic acid and water with volume ration of6:3:1, enrichedand purified by a Hydrophilic lipophilic balance solid-phase extraction cartridge. All theantibiotics were completely separated with an excellent linear relationship for TCSand QUSfrom50to1000μg·L-1, and for the SM2from5to100μg·L-1. The limits of detection for TCS, QUSand SM2were0.25～7.18,0.15～3.16and0.04μg·kg-1, respectively. The recoveries of TCS,QUS, SM2in pig manure and chicken dung were40%～124%at the spiked levels from0.1to10μg/g (RSD ranged from3.0%to9.5%, n=6).2. Determination and analysis of main nutrient elements and harmful composition in animalmanures: In this study, the contents of nutrient elements, heavy metals and antibiotic residues in17samples of animal manures were determined. The samples including10pig manure and7chicken manure collected from intensive livestock farming nearby Hangzhou city. The resultsindicated that manures riched in the materials elements, such as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus.Moreover, low content of Cr, Ni, Cd, Hg, Pb and high content of Cu, Zn were determined inanimal manures. The concentrations of tetracyclines(TCS), quinolones(QUS) andsulfadimidine(SM2) were detected.3. The release specialty of chlortetracycline from pig manure: The kinetic process ofChlortetracycline release from the pig manure under various parameters such as temperature, pHand irradiation were investigated by indoor cultivation test. The results showed that the first-orderdesorption kinetic equation was the best model for temperature and pH, and first-order equationwas the best model for irradiation.4. The degradation of ciprofloxacin was studied by different approaches: The degradation ofciprofloxacin was studied during pig manure composting or manure liquefied biogas. The resultsshowed that the pig manure composting could obviously decrease the content of ciprofloxacin, the degradation efficiency was82.7%. Meanwhile, the manure liquefied biogas also could reducethe contents of ciprofloxacin, but the degradation efficiency slowed down, which was only42.4%.5. Effects of bamboo charcoal on antibiotic immobility during pig manure composting: Theeffects of different proportions on bamboo charcoal degradation of ciprofloxacin and nitrogenconcervation, phosphorus activation were studied during pig manure composting. The resultsindicated that the addition of bamboo charcoal could obviously reduce the contents ofciprofloxacin, which reduced with the increased bamboo charcoal addition. The addition of0%,3%,6%and9%bamboo charcoal could add the degradation efficiency of ciprofloxacin by82.7%,94.48%,97.5%and98.58%respectively. Meanwhile, the addition of bamboo charcoal couldobviously increase the content of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and totalphosphorus in compost and decrease nitrogen loss during composting. |
