| Employment is the people’s livelihood, the employment problem has been the focus attention of the government, academia and people. With the increasing of the people’s material and cultural living standards, social focus on employment issues gradually shift from the number of jobs to the quality of employment. Government proposes to promote employment in the report of the17th, the18th report further advocated the promotion of quality employment. The academic employment issues from the number of jobs gradually expanded to the level of the quality of employment. The coexistence of labor shortage and difficult employment reflect the requirements of the quality of employment.This article from the perspective of social capital on quality of employment. Chose social capital theory as a research perspective, is a combination of the cross-disciplinary nature of the professional social economics. China is a human society, human relationships to a large extent the Chinese people’s social and economic behavior. Broadly speaking, each person has a network of social relations is his social capital, they can through the effective use of social capital to get work and occupational status. Different groups have different social capital, the impact on employment will be different. So you can mobilize social capital theory to study the quality of individual employment.College students and migrant workers is the representative of two special employment groups. College students experienced higher education highly qualified personnel, migrant workers is the inevitable product of accelerating urbanization. Since the1999university enrollment, graduate students increased year by year, the employment situation is more and more severe. Human resources and social security department statistics show that in2012, college graduates of680million people, more than2011more than6.71million people, more than6.31million in2010,49million people. At the same time, the advance of urbanization result in the number of migrant workers groups are also increasing rapidly. Face of the severe employment situation in today’s society, the use of social capital theory of comparative empirical analysis of these two major groups, the quality of employment, to arrive at the interpretation and countermeasures, some reference for decision-making behavior of policy makers, for ease the employment pressure has certain practical significance.We use empirical data of the2008National Comprehensive Social survey, by defining the concept of social capital, the quality of employment on the basis of the underlying assumptions, and the establishment of the index system, an empirical analysis of the sample data were college students and migrant workers, comparedresults of their study, the main type of social capital, social capital utilization, social capital, employment and quality of employment degree, trying to reveal the general characteristics of social capital on college students and migrant workers in these two different social groups employment impact on the quality and, and test hypotheses, draw conclusions and insufficient, and finally further discussion after the research direction.This paper studies the social capital of the individual job level, as long as it is to help in the process of job-seekers to gather information and access to occupational status of social relations can be called social capital of job seekers. So here we define social capital for the personal use of social networking in the job search process, including strong ties and weak ties. Principally through the network infrastructure, the network hierarchy, network strength and size of the network to be measured. In this paper, the quality of employment mainly refers to college students and migrant workers involved in job satisfaction, including salary, benefits, workload, working conditions and facilities, relationships with colleagues and boss/supervisor relationship, place of work and residence distance, housing benefits, the overall working conditions.In China, everywhere about the relationship between human society, both college students and migrant workers in the job search process more or less dependent on its social relations to obtain the collection of information on employment and occupational status. Information asymmetry and opaque very serious now that the Chinese labor market mechanism is not perfect, the market mechanism can not fully meet China each year so many to be the employment needs of people, at this time, act as social capital in which is to make up for lack of market mechanisms the role of the rational use of social capital to solve the employment problem of the portion of the population, to ease the pressure of the market, although it may be unfair to a certain extent, but it is undeniable that the role of social capital on employment, which is today’s reform unique characteristics, market-oriented development must go through a process.College students and migrant workers in the different sectors of society, and thus they have the quality and quantity of social capital will be different, eventually leading to social capital to promote the employment of university students and migrant workers. In the process of looking for a job, a broader source of employment of university students, in addition to this type of social capital Reliance on family, they can rely on the network and on-site job fairs resume to obtain the appropriate occupational status; migrant workers, they due to geographical, a native of the limit of the account, the level of education and vocational skills, employment channels relative college students to be more narrow. Channels most of them migrant by fellow or friends introduced social capital in the course of their employment has played a very important role. Thus, we say that the social capital role in promoting the employment of university students and migrant workers in different degrees, and the social capital of migrant workers a greater role.Among long-term access to higher education, little contact with society, its social capital is mainly concentrated in the parents and relatives. Migrant workers by region, household registration restrictions before you go out to migrant workers, mostly confined to rural areas, and its network of social relations are also concentrated in rural areas. In the job search process, students naturally rely more on parents, relatives strong ties to collect employment information and access to occupational status; migrant workers rely more on the introduction of this type of weak ties fellow migrant workers or friends. Therefore, the effective use of college students and migrant workers in employment behavior different types of social capital and college students are more inclined to take advantage of the strong ties migrant workers are more inclined to take advantage of weak ties.The reason why college students and migrant workers’ social capital utilization is relatively low, mainly because on the one hand, there may conceal the actual use of the amount of social capital. While social capital can play a positive role in promoting personal job search process, but the Chinese people generally have a profound concept of face, let others know their own to find a job is to find a human relations, may be looked down upon in the face, I felt, people underestimate their own personal capacity. On the other hand, the questionnaire involved in this part of the college students and migrant workers on the understanding of the social capital is not sufficient to get action on income, which is not a reasonable use of their social capital.Different social capital and the quality of employment of university students and migrant workers, and the strong relationship between the quality of employment of university students a greater impact, weak ties greater impact on the quality of employment of migrant workers. Relationship with the person in charge of the more familiar, the better the relationship of college students and migrant workers, co-workers and superiors. But we can also see that the relationship with the person in charge of familiarity with the quality of employment for college students and migrant workers are also different. The students mainly by kinship looking for work, migrant workers mainly by a friend of looking for work, so factor in evaluating the quality of employment relationship, their influence in different ways, which is the result of the different relationships category.In summary, social capital can play a catalytic role in the process of employment of university students and migrant workers, most college students with strong ties in the course of employment, migrant workers are mostly weak ties, and they are not high on the utilization of social capital. Effective use of social capital to provide more employment opportunities for migrant workers groups and different social capital and quality of employment of university students and migrant workers, the greater impact of the strong relationship between the quality of employment of university students, weak ties have a greater impact on the quality of employment of migrant workers. |
