Research On Effects Of Economic Openness On China’s Population Mobility And Urbanization

Since China’s reform and opening, the coastal area has introduced a large number of foreign direct investment, had a rapid growth of foreign trade and a faster economic development than inland area, which causes a large-scale population movement. Population mobility promotes the urbanization development in a certain extent, but the migrant population rights can’t be protected and guaranteed, so the urbanization "quality" is not so high. In the background of the "New Urbanization" strategy, it is of practical significance to research the effect of economic openness on China’s population mobility and urbanization development, which plays an important role in guiding the rational flow of population to achieve the balanced and healthy development of the "New Urbanization"In this paper, using the sixth census and history census data, we analyze the space distribution of migrant population and regional difference of urbanization, and find that both of them have a high relationship to the extent of economic openness. The population mobility research based on "push-pull" theory finds that trade and FDI are both important affecting factors. Urbanization model based on Cobb-Douglas Production Function puts trade and FDI into a framework for research, and the result confirms that both of them can promote urbanization level. On the choice of variables, we notice the environment changes in the new period and put Ecological Civilization Index in the research as an innovation.The empirical result of population mobility shows that foreign trade and FDI not only weaken the tendency of local population’s outflow but also attract the field populations inflow, and the foreign trade’s impact is more significant than FDI. Sub-regional measurement results indicate that trade in coastal areas has no significant influence on urbanization. Compared with inlands, the elasticity of FDI is bigger in coastal areas, but the same number of new FDI has a greater effect in inlands than in coastal areas. In order to realize the balanced and healthy development of the "New Urbanization", on one hand, governments need to deepen the household registration system and social security system reform to ensure the rights of mobile population and realize a "right-protected urbanization". On the other hand, inland areas should raise their extent of openness, undertake more transfer of industries, and reduce the migrant population, then the coastal "urban disease" pressure can be relieved, and balanced development goal of urbanization can be achieved.