Study The Agriculture And Forestry Experiment Field Of Suiyuan Province (1924——1937)

Suiyuan is a provincial administrative area in northwest China during the period of the republic of China, generally equals to the city of wuchuan,hohhot, baotou, bayinnaoer, erdos and wuhai in western Inner Mongolia. In1914, Suiyuan Special Administrative Region was set, and in1929, it was officially set up as a province. With the huge migration of the Han nationality, agriculture became the pillar industry of Suiyuan by the end of the Qing dynasty.Because of the bad natural environment, lag in agricultural technique, imbalance in distribution of land and other related reasons, the agriculture in suiyuan is quite frangible, which seriously restricted the development of Suiyua. In an overall environment of advocating agriculture by the central government in the late Qing dynasty, based on the" Agricultural Experiment Laboratory", the "Agricultural Experiment Field"was set up in1924. In1925, the government of the Suiyuan Special Administrative Region put more investment to the development of agriculture, making the the Agricultural Improvement Organization turn into the Farming, forestry, Agriculture and forestry, three separated fields. In order to save money, these three fields were combined to become two, the Farming and forestry fields in1927.Compared with the year1925, the two fields became more specific and mature not only in working plans but also in rules and regulations. In1929, these two fields were finnally combined as one institution---Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Field of Suiyuan Province. In1931, when Fu Zuoyi was in power, the agricultural-improvement wok was a great success. In1937, The Japanese occupied Guisui, then "the Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Field of Suiyuan Province" was renamed as "the Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Field of Houhehaote". After the government settled in Shanba, they set up "the Agricultural Improvement Laboratory of Suiyuan", nothing to do with the former institution.As the most important agricultural improvement institution in Suiyuan, the Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Field of Suiyuan did a lot of reforming work and made some achievements. Firstly, in the aspect of agricultural improvement, by doing experiments on seeds, they bred a large amount seeds of hardy and drought-enduring quality. By doing experiments on the vegetable growing, they enriched the dinning table of people in Suiyuan, meanwhile, the cash crop Beet Sugar was spreaded widely. Secondly, in the aspect of forestry improvement, many kinds of drought-enduring trees were cultivated in gardening area, providing a large amount of trees for the forest farms of all levels. Thirdly, aiming at the fact that people in Suiyuan were not better educated and their lag in technology, they take the responsibility of educating farmers the kownledge of agricultural science and technology by forming the organizations, which enabled the agricultural science and technology to be put into use on a wide scale in Suiyuan, and also a group of professional people were prepard for later institutions.However, there also existed many problems. Firstly, The higher administrative tasks disturbed the regular scientific work; Secondly, many reforming plans couldn’t be put into effect because of lack in funds. Thirdly, the result of experiments didn’t play a great role because the failure in the spreading step; Finally, they didn’t focus on the improvement of farming tools,which made it difficult to achieve the goal of farming modernization. In a word, the experience and weakness from the Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Field of Suiyuan Province can both be considered as the treasure for the agricultural development of west China today.